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PART ONE: INTRODUCTION Chapter 1: Perspectives and Concepts in the Study of Social Stratification Definitions and ConceptsSocial Stratification
Class Divisions and Social Mobility Social Stratification in the Modern World System The Organization of Chapters Chapter 2: Dimensions of Inequality in the United States: Class, Gender, and Race Income and Wealth Inequality
Income Inequality
Wealth Inequality Inequality in Basic Necessities Health Inequalities Unequal Political Outputs Dimensions of Inequality: A Conclusion Chapter 3: Social Stratification in Human Societies: The History of Inequality Varieties of Human Stratification Systems
Primitive Communal Societies
Slavery
Caste
Estate
Class The Emergence of Inequality and Social Stratification
Early Human Groups
The Neolithic Revolution
Early Agrarian Empires
Late Agrarian Societies
The Fall of Feudalism and the Rise of Industrial Societies The Reduction of Inequality with Industrial and Post-Industrial Societies Conclusion: The History of Inequality PART TWO: EXPLANATIONS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: STRATIFICATION THEORIES Chapter 4: Social Stratification Theory: Early Statements Competing Paradigms in the Study of Social Stratification Stratification The Marxian Heritage in Social Stratification: The Development of a Critical-Conflict Paradigm
On Understanding Marx
Basic Foundations of Marxian Theory
Concluding Notes Max Weber: An Alternative Conflict Paradigm
Weber’s Paradigm Assumptions
Multidimensional View of Stratification
The Rise of Bureaucratic Dominance An Uncritical-Order Paradigm Matures: The Functional Theory of Emile Durkheim
The Division of Labor and Organic Solidarity
The Place of Class and Class Conflict in Durkheim’s Perspective
The Classical Period of Sociological Theory: A Summary Chapter 5: Modern Theories of Social Stratification Views of Social Stratification in America: Early Years Functional Theories of Social Stratification
The Davis and Moore Theory
Parsons’ Functional Theory of Social Stratification
Studies of Occupational Prestige Conflict Theories of Social Stratification
Modern Marxian Theory
Power Conflict Theories Modern World System Theory The Bases of Class Stratification and Class Location
Occupational Structure
The Convergence of Occupation, Power, and Property on Class Stratification
A Note on Sociobiology Theories of Social Stratification: A Conclusion PART THREE: THE AMERICAN CLASS STRUCTURE Chapter 6: The Upper Class Locating the Upper Class Upper-Class Dominance Today?
The Upper Class as a Governing Class Upper-Class Economic Power Upper-Class Political Power The Upper-Class: A Conclusion Chapter 7: The Corporate Class The Upper Class as Ruling Class: A Critique The Structure of Corporate Concentration: Foundation for a Corporate Class
Corporate Size and Concentration
Concentration of Stock Control
Interlocking Directorates and Economic Concentration
The Globalization of Corporate Power
The Inner Group of the Corporate Class The Concentration of Economic and Political Power: So What?
Functional Elite Theory
Critical Elite Theory
The Pluralist Response The Corporate Class: Conclusion Chapter 8: The Middle and Working Classes The Middle and Working Classes in the System of Social Stratification The Middle Class and Working Class: Recent Historical Changes
The New Middle Class
Stability and Change in the Working Class The Changing Occupation Structure: The Shrinking Middle Some Consequences of Class Position
Income Distribution by Class
Conditions of Work
Class Subcultures and Lifestyles Middle-Class and Working-Class Positions in the Structures of Economic and Political Power
Labor Unions
Middle-Class and Working-Class Political Influence Chapter 9: Poverty and the Political Economy of Welfare Counting the Poor
The Extent of Poverty in the United States
Changes in the Rate of Poverty
Movement Into and Out of Poverty
The Distribution of Poverty
The New Poverty After the Economic Boom Theories of Poverty
Blaming the Poor
Four Categories of Poverty Theories
Blaming the Poor: Social Darwinism
A Culture of Poverty?
The Situational View of Poverty
A Structural View of Poverty Class Conflict and the Welfare State
Welfare in the United States
A Cross-National Perspective on Welfare
The Welfare State as Conflict Management and the Lower Class in the Power Structure
Class Conflict and the Welfare State: A Conclusion Chapter 10: The Persistence of Ascription: Gender, Race, and Ethnic Inequalities Race and Ethnicity: Some Definitions The Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity
Race and Ethnic Income Inequalities
Educational Inequalities Comparative Race and Ethnic Inequalities A History of Race and Ethnic Stratification
Race and Ethnic Inequalities in American History Theoretical Explanations of Race and Ethnic Inequalities
Class Effects on Race and Ethnic Income Inequality Chapter 11: The Persistence of Ascription: Gender Inequalities The Inequalities of Gender
Gender Income Inequalities
Educational Inequalities Comparative Gender Inequalities A History of Gender Stratification
Gender Inequalities in History
A Comparative History of American Gender Inequalities Theoretical Explanations of Gender Inequalities
Class Effects on Gender Income Inequality PART FOUR: THE PROCESS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Chapter 12: Social Mobility: Class Ascription and Achievement Social Mobility
Social Mobility in the United States
Social Mobility: Historical and Comparative
Social Mobility: A Conclusion The Attainment Process
Status Attainment Models
Education as Mediating Structure
The Conflict perspective: A Critique and Reinterpretation of Status Attainment Research
The Conflict View of Attainment: A Conclusion Chapter 13: The Process of Legitimation The Sociopsychological Process of Legitimation
Norms of Distributive Justice
The Socialization Process and Self-Evaluation
The Effects of Individualism and Equality of Opportunity
The Basis of Legitimation: A Summary The Macro Process of Legitimation: Building Support for Specific Forms of Inequality Forms of Inequality
The Legitimation Function of Education
The Legitimation Function of the Mass Media
Opinion-Influencing Organizations
The Macro Legitimation Process PART FIVE: SOCIAL STRATIFICATION BEYOND THE UNITED STATES Chapter 14: The World Stratification System Characteristics of the World Stratification System Development of the Modern World System
A Brief History of Core Conflict and Hegemony
Core Competition in the 21st Century The World Stratification System: A Conclusion and Perspective on the Future Chapter 15: Social Stratification in Japan Ranking in Japan: Some Introductory Observations A History of Social Stratification in Japan
Occupation Reforms and the Rise of Modern Japan The Structural Bases of Social Stratification in Japan
Occupational Structure
Bureaucratic Authority Structures
Property Structure Japan’s Power Elite
The Bureaucratic Elite
The Political Elite
Japanese Elite Unity
Mass Society Achievement and Ascription in Modern Japan
Race, Ethnic, and Sex Discrimination in Japan
Social Mobility and Status Attainment in Japan Inequality and Status Ranking in Japan
Class, Status, and Power in Japan
Low Inequality in Japan: Some Causes
Social Stratification in Japan: A Conclusion Chapter 16: Social Stratification in Germany A Brief History of the German Political Economy
The Rise of Nationalism
Postwar Reconstruction
Reduced Inequality Social Stratification in Germany: Some Basic Similarities, and a Few Differences
Structures of Social Stratification: Occupation, Authority, and Property
Social Mobility and Status Attainment
Education and Class
Gender Inequalities
Race and Ethnic Conflicts
Poverty Corporate and Bureaucratic Elites
German Corporate Structure
The Bureaucratic and Political Elite
Elite Unity German Workers and Contemporary Laws
A History of German Labor Laws
Labor Power and the Benefits of the Codetermination Laws Chapter 17: The Poor of This Earth: Non-Core Nations in a Global Stratification System
The World System and Economic Development in Periphery Nations World System Effects on Non-core Stratification Systems A Journey Through the World’s Poor The Rise of East and Southeast Asia: Exceptions That Fit the Rule The World Class Stratification System in Change
Core Resistance to Change
Global Inequalities, Political Violence, and Terrorism
The New World Order: Prospects for the Periphery