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Chapter 1: Law and Philosophy: Preliminary Inquiries A. Images of Law Benjamin Sells (1994) "What Does the Law Want?" B. Natural State of War: Hobbes 1. Hypothetical State of Nature. Thomas Hobbes, “Of the Natural Condition of Mankind as Concerning Their Felicity and Misery” 2. Real State of Nature? Colin M. Turnbull (1972) “Man Without Law” C. Law and Obedience 1. Duty of Obey the Law. Plato, :The Last Days of Socrates” 2. Right to Disobey the Law. John Rawls (1971) “Definition and Justification of Civil Disobedience” D. Contrasting Legal Theories: A Hypothetical Case Lon L. Fuller (1949) “The Case of the Speluncean Explorers” E. Philosophy: An Introduction Bertrand Russell (1959) “What is Philosophy? F. Areas of Law G. Legal Systems 1. Common Law Systems 2. Civil Law Systems 3. Regional Law 4. International Law Chapter 2: Values: International Law A. Future State of Peace: Kant 1. Universal Ethics and International Law Lawrence M. Hinman (1998) “Duty in Life: Edmund G. Ross” Immanuel Kant (1797) “The Theory of Right” B. Approaches to Law 1. Natural Law Jacques Maritain, Man and State Lon L. Fuller (1964) The Morality of Law 2. Legal Positivism H.L.A. Hart (1994) “The Elements of Law” H.L.A. Hart (1983) “Positivism and the Separation of Laws and Morals” Issues: War Crimes Stanley Paulsen, “Classical Legal Positivism at Nuremberg” Robert H. Jackson (1946) “Opening Address for the United States, Nuremberg Trails” H.L.A. Hart (1983) “Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals” A. Zvie Bar-on (1985) “Measuring Responsibility” Chapter 3: Legal Reasoning: Private Law, Public Challenges A. Legal Formalism: Judges as “Scientists.” 1. Deductive Science Thomas C. Grey (1983) “Langdell’s Orthodoxy” Christopher Columbus Langdell (1871) Selection of Cases on the Law of Contracts Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (1880) “Book Review of Langdell’s Casebook” B. Realism: Judges as Policy Makers 1. Skepticism 2. Pragmatism 3. Logical Positivism Cases and Commentaries: Hynes v. New York Central Rail Road (1921) Felix S. Cohen (1935) “Transcendental Nonsense and the Functional Approach” Issues: Logic, Facts, and Fiction Cases and Commentaries: John Dewey (1924) “Logical Method and Law” Clifford Geertz (1973) “Local Knowledge: Fact and Law in Comparative Perspective” Karl N. Llewellyn, “What are the Facts?” J.R. Lucas (1958) “On Not Worshipping Facts” William R. Bishin and Christopher D. Stone (1972) “Matters of Fact/Matters of Law” Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc., and Chrysler Corporation (1960). Issues: Social Darwinism and Eugenics Cases and Commentaries: Lochner v. New York (1905) Buck v. Bell (1927) C. Constructivism: Judges as Moral Philosophers Ronald Dworkin (1982) “’Natural’ Law Revisited” Ronald Dworkin (1977) “The Models of Rules” and “Hard Cases” Issues: Slavery and Apartheid 1. Slavery Cases and Commentaries: The Antelope (1825) State v. Mann (1829) Robert Cover (1971) “Of Creon and Captain Vere” J.L. Mackie (1977) “The Third Theory of Law” 2. Apartheid Chapter 4: Legal Institutions: Constitutional Law A. Civil Society: Locke John Locke, “Of the State of Nature” B. Government 1. Federalism versus Anti-Federalism 2. Separation of Powers 3. Judicial Review Cases and Commentaries Michael Parenti (1988) “A Constitution for the Few” Alexander Hamilton “Federalist Number 78” Marbury v. Madison (1803) Alexander Bickel, (1962) “The Counter-Majoritarian Difficulty” John Ely (1980) “Policing the Process of Representation” Clinton v. Jones (1997) Issues: Constitutional Interpretation 1. Textual Meaning 2. Original Intent 3. Original Understanding 4. Ethical/Normative Interpretation Robert Bork (1990) “The Original Understanding” William J. Brennan, Jr. (1986) “The Constitution of the United States: Contemporary Ratification C. Liberalism 1. Classical Liberalism 2. Modern Liberalism 3. Contemporary Liberalism 4. Critiques of Liberalism: Communitarian and Critical Legal Studies John Locke, “Of the Ends of Political Society and Government” John Stuart Mill (1861) “Criterion of a Good Form” John Rawls (1985) “Justice as Fairness: Political Not Metaphysical” John Rawls (1993) “The Law of Peoples” Michael J. Sandel (1984) “Morality and the Liberal Ideal” Andrew Altman (1993) “The CLS Attack” Chapter 5: Freedom: Bill of Rights 1. Negative Freedom 2. Developmental Freedom John Hospers (1974) “What Libertarianism Is” Isaiah Berlin (1969) “Two Concepts of Liberty” Frithojof Bergmann (1977) “Freedom and Society” Isaiah Berlin (1969) “Two Concepts of Liberty” Issues: Limits on Law and Freedom B. Free Speech 1. Value of Speech John Stuart Mill (1859) “Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion” Thomas Scanlon (1972) “A Theory of Free Expression” United States v. Dennis (1950) Richard Posner (1986) Economic Analysis of Law Dennis v. United States (1951) David Kairys (1990) “Freedom of Speech” Issues: Subversive, Symbolic, and Offensive Speech 1. Subversive Speech 2. Symbolic Speech 3. Offensive Speech Cases and Commentaries: Schneck v. United States (1919) Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) Texas v. Johnson (1989) American Booksellers v. Hudnut (1985) Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union (1997) Dox v. University of Michigan (1989) R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul (1992) Phillipa Strum (1999) “The View From Abroad” C. Freedom of Religion 1. Establishment of Religion Cases and Commentaries: John Locke (1685) “Letter Concerning Toleration” Thomas Jefferson (1802) “Reply to the Danbury Baptist Association” Issac Kramnick and R. Lawrence Moore (1996) “Is the US Constitution Godless? Everson v. Board of Education (1946) Philip B. Kurland (1961) “Of Church and State and the Supreme Court” Wallace v. Jaffee (1985) Edwards v. Aquillard (1987) 2. Free Exercise Employment Div. Of Oregon Dept. of Human Resources v. Sm4th (1990) Stephen L. Carter (1993) “The Accommodation of Religion” Chapter 6: Rights: Privacy A. Analyses of Rights Joel Feinberg (1970) “The Nature and Value of Right” Rex Martin (1993) “The Concept of Rights” B. Rights and Obligations Richard Roty (1996) “What’s Wrong With Rights?” Elizabeth H. Wolgast (1987) “Whose Rights?” DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services (1989) Mary Ann Glendon (1991) “The Missing Language of Responsibility” C. Types of Rights 1. Procedural Rights 2. Substantive Rights Issues: Privacy Rights, Abortion Rights and Right to Die 1. Privacy Rights Cases and Commentaries: George Orwell (1949) 1984 Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942) Robert Bork (1967) “Neural Principles and Some First Amendment Problems” 2. Abortion Rights Cases and Commentaries: Roe v. Wade (1973) Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992) John T. Noonan (1984) “The Root and Branch of Roe v. Wade” Catherine A. MacKinnon (1987) “Privacy v. Equality” 3. Right to Die Cases and Commentaries: “Should Active Euthanasia Be Legalized? (1994) Washington v. Glucksberg (1997). Ronald Dworkin (1997) “Assisted Suicide: The Philosophers’ Brief” Michael Sandel (1997), “Last Rights” Diane Coleman and Carol Gill (1996) “The Disability Rights Opposition to Physician Assisted Suicide” Chapter 7: Equality: Equal Protection A. Approaches to Equality Peter Westen (1990) Speaking of Equality “Should Equality Be a Primary Social Policy Goal?” (1996) B. Types of Equality 1. Formal Equality Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics 2. Substantive Equality Issues: Discrimination and Affirmative Action 1. Discrimination Cases and Commentaries: Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Herbert Wechsler (1959) “Toward Neutral Principles of Constitutional Law” Paul Brest (1976) “In Defense of the Anti-Discrimination Principle” Owen M. Fiss (1976) “Group Rights and the Equal Protection Clause” Derrick Bell (1989) “The Chronicle of the Amber Cloud” 2. Affirmative Action Cases and Commentaries: Bakke v. Regents of University of California (1978) Hopwood v. Texas (1996) Nicholas Capaldi (1996) “Affirmative Action is Immoral” T. Alexander Aleinikoff (1991) “A Case for Race-Consciousness” Laura M. Purdy (1994) “Why Do We Need Affirmative Action” Chapter 8: Responsibility and Punishment: Criminal Law A. Approaches to Crime and Morality: Aristotle and Nietszsche 1. Virtuous Persons Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics Martha Nussbaum (1988) “Non-Relative Virtues: An Aristotelian Approach” 2. Slave Morality Franz Kafka, “Before the Law” Friedrich Nietzsche “On the Virtuous” Friedrich Nietzsche “To the Teachers of Selfishness” B. Criminal Law: Crimes and Procedures 1. Nature of Crime Lawrence Friedman (1993) Crime and Punishment in American History Jeffrey Reiman (1998) “A Crime By Any Other Name” George Fletcher (1988) “Passion and Reason in Self Defense” 2. Criminal Procedure: Plea Bargaining Kenneth Kipnis (1976) “Criminal Justice and the Negotiated Plea” Issues: Criminal Responsibility and The Insanity Defense 1. Mens Rea and the Insanity Defense State v. Cameron (1983) People v. Sherwood (1936) Norval Morris (1982) “The Criminal Responsibility of the Mentally Ill” Sanford Kadish (1968) “The Decline of Innocence” Daniel N. Robinson (1996) “Jural Sciences and the Social Sciences” 2. Mens Rea versus Strict Liability C. Punishment 1. Types of Punishment Hammurabi’s Code in (1990) “Sex Offenders: Is Castration An Acceptable Punishment?” (1992) 2. Theories of Punishment Richard Brandt (1959) “A Utilitarian Theory of Criminal Punishment” Immanuel Kant, The Metaphysical Elements of Justice Michael Moore (1987) “The Moral Worth of Retribution” John Rawls (1955) “Two Concepts of Rules” Alvin H. Goldman (1979) “The Paradox of Punishment” Richard Wasserstrom (1980) “The Therapeutic Model” Randy Barnett (1977) “Restitution: A New Paradigm of Criminal Justice” Issue: The Death Penalty Cases and Commentaries: John Stuart Mill (1868) “Speech in Favor of Capital Punishment” Albert Camus (1961) “Reflections on the Guillotine” Gregg v. Georgia (1976) Hugo A. Bedau (1985) “Thinking About the Death Penalty as Cruel and Unusual Punishment” Michael L. Radelet, Hugo Adam Bedau, Constance E. Putnam (1992). “Executing the Innocent” Ernest van den Haag (1969) “Deterrence and Uncertainty” Jonathan Glover (1977) “Execution and Assassination” Jeffrey Reiman (1998) “Why the Death Penalty Should Be Abolished” D. International Criminal law Michael P. Scharf (1997) “Balkan Justice” Table of Cases Bibliography Index