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1. Introduction 1 "* Concepts and Connotations of Rural Development 2 "* Basic Elements of Rural Development 3 "• Growth versus Development 4 " Why Rural Development 5 "* Rising Expectations and Development 6 "* Development and Change 6 "* Human Beings as the Cause and Consequence of Development 7 "* Some Dilemmas in Development 8 "• Main Points 11 "* Questions for Discussion 13 2. Rural Economy of India 14 "* Introduction 14 "* Size and Structure of the Rural Economy 15 "* The Characteristics of the Rural Sector 21 "* The Role of the Agricultural Subsector 25 "* The Role of the Non-agricultural Subsector 29 "* Challenges and Opportunities 32 "* Main Points 34 "* Questions for Discussion 36 3. Measures of Development 37 "* Introduction 37 "* Measures of Level of Rural Development 38 "* Measures of Income Distribution 46 "* Measures of Development Simplified 49 "* Concepts and Measures of Rural Poverty 50 "* Main Points 56 "* Questions for Discussion 57 4. Some Paradigms of Rural Development 59 " Introduction 60 "* The Modernisation Theory 61 "* The Dependency Theory of the Marxist School 62 "a Rosenstein-Rodan's Theory of the 'Big Push' 64 "* Leibenstein's 'Critical Minimum Effort Thesis' 64 "* Lewis' Model of Economic Development 65 "* Gunnar Myrdal's Thesis of 'Spread and Backwash' Effects 67 "* The Human Capital Model of Development 68 "* The Gandhian Model of Rural Development 69 "* Development Theories from Other Social Sciences 73 "* Main Points 74 "* Questions for Discussion 76 5. Determinants of Rural Development 78 "* Introduction 79 "* Changes in Output 80 "* Natural Resources 82 "* Human Resources 86 "* Capital 87 "* Technology 90 "* Organisational and Institutional Framework 92 "* Relation between Rural Development and Its Determinants 95 "* Main Points 95 "* Questions for Discussion 98 6. Rural Development Policies 99 "* Introduction 99 "* Freedom, Control and Public Policy 100 "* Need for a Rural Development Policy 101 "* Goals of Rural Development Policy 103 "* Hierarchy of Policy Goals 104 "* Rural Development Policies in India 106 "* Globalisation and Rural Development 125 "• Main Points 128 "* Questions for Discussion 130 7. Strategies for Sustainable Development 131 "* Introduction 131 "* The Concepts of Sustainability and Sustainable Development 132 "m Some Indicators of Non-sustainable Development 135 "* A Critical Review of India's Strategies of Rural Development 141 "* Some Elements of a New Strategy for Sustainable Development 144 "* Main Points 152 "* Questions for Discussion 153 8. Policy Instruments of Rural Development 155 " Introduction 155 " A Conceptual Framework 156 "* An Action System 159 "* Policy Instruments 159 "* Main Points 175 "* Questions for Discussion 177 9. Equity-oriented and Growth-oriented Programmes 178 "* Introduction 178 "* Equity-oriented Programmes 179 "* Growth-oriented Programmes 184 "* Main Points 195 "* Questions for Discussion 197 10. Poverty and Unemployment Eradication Programmes 198 " Introduction 198 "* Current Poverty Scenario and Trends 199 "* Rural Employment Scenario 204 "* Poverty and Unemployment Alleviation Programmes 207 "* Social Welfare-oriented Programmes (SWOP) 216 "* Main Points 218 "* Questions for Discussion 220 11. Natural Resources and Infrastructure Development Programmes 221 "a Introduction 222 "* Natural Resources-based Programmes 222 "* National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS) 230 "* Pilot Weather-based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) 231 "* Infrastructure Development Programmes 231 "* Main Points 240 "• Questions for Discussion 241 12. Planning for Rural Development 243 " Introduction 243 "* Levels and Functions of Planning 244 "• Decentralisation of Planning 246 "* Methodology of Micro-level Planning 247 "* Methodology for Block- and District-level Planning 250 "* Main Points 257 "* Questions for Discussion 259 13. Organising for Rural Development 260 "* Introduction 260 "* A Detour to Organisational Models 262 "* The Search for a New Paradigm 265 "* Criteria for Designing an Appropriate Organisation 267 "* Government Organisations 268 "* Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) 270 "* Cooperatives 273 "* Voluntary Agencies/Non-governmental Organisations 275 "* Corporations and Rural Development 278 "* Main Points 281 "* Questions for Discussion 282 14. Financing Rural Development 283 "* Introduction 283 "* Domestic Institutional Sources 285 "* The Role of Non-institutional Agencies 296 "* Deficit Financing or Controlled Inflation 296 "* Foreign Sources of Funds 298 "* Main Points 304 "* Questions for Discussion 307 15. Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation 309 " Introduction 309 "* Project Implementation 311 "* Project Control 315 "* Integration and Coordination 315 "* People's Participation in Implementation 316 "* Project Monitoring 317 "* Project Evaluation 319 "* Main Points 326 "m Questions for Discussion 327