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PART I FUNDAMENTALS OF JAPANESE DEMOGRAPHICS Introd iction ..................... ........ ................................ 3 CASE IN POINT: THE LA-STJAPANESE 1. Japan s Population Growth during the Past 100 Years ......... 5 NIakoto ktoh 2. Fertfitv h ad M ortality ..................... .................. . ............ 25 Hans Dil ter Olschleger 3. Statistical Foiundations of Population Projections ................. 41 Ryiichll Kaneko e. Re(jional Demographics ..................................... 61 Ralpht ,iitzrler 5. Demongraphic Comparisons with Other Countries with the Empilass m on the More Developed Regions ......................... 81 Shigcli Kono 6. Ilisýor, (&4 I)em ography in Japan ......................................... 97 Mlatthias Koch PART II SOCIAL ASPECTS OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE Intrd uctio ....................................................... ....... ..... ... 121 CASE IN POINT: PARENTAL LEAVE: WOMEN AND iMEN 7. Social A;eing and the Sociology of Ageing ...................... 125 Sepp iirmh art 8. Changing Social Concepts of Age: Towards the Activ Senior C(itizen ........................................ 145 4 (, )I ki 9. Ageing Society and the Transformation of Work in the Post-Fordist Economy ..................................... 163 Chikako Usui 10. Engaging the Generations: Age-Integrated Facilities ......... 17 Leng Leng Thang 11. Social Change and Caregiving of the Elderly ............... 201 Susan Orpett Long 12. Income Inequality in the Ageing Society ......................... 217 Sawako Shirahase 13. Changes in Family Structure ....................................... 235 Toshiko Himeoka CASE IN PoINT: TIME SPENT WITH CHILDREN 14. Changing Family Life Cycle and Partnership Transition-Gender Roles and Marriage Patterns ......... 255 James M. Raymo and Miho Iwasawa 15. Child Care in a Low Birth Society .................................. 277 Akiko S. Oishi 16. Transcultural Society ........................................ 293 Stephen Murphy-Shigematsu and David Blake Willis PART III CULTURAL ASPECTS OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE Introduction ........... : ................................. .............. 319 17. Traditional Concepts and Images of Old Age in Japan .... 323 Susanne Formanek 18. Notions of Life, Old Age and Death in Ageing Japan . 345 Mayumi Sekizawa 19. Population Decline, Municipal Amalgamation, and the Politics of Folk Performance Preservation in Northeast Japan .............................................. 361 Christopher S. Thompson 20. Ancestors, Burial Rites, and Rural Depopulation in Japan 387 John W Traphagan 21. Religion in Post-World War II Japan and Social Ageing ... 397 Kenji Ishii 22. Coming of Age: The Courts and Equality Rights in Japan's Ageing Society ...................................................... 417 Craig Martin 23. Coining to Terms with Age: Some Linguistic Consequences of Population Ageing ............................... 455 Peter Backhaus 24. Population Ageing and Language Change ......................... 473 Fumio Inoue 25. Age and Ageing in Contemporary Japanese Literature ..... 491 Lisette Gebhardt 26. M edia Use in the Ageing Society ....................................... 513 Nobuko Shiraishi 27. Gendered Age ..................................... 531 Sumiko Iwao CASE IN POINT: A PET CULTURE IN THE MAKING 28. Education in the Aged Society: The Demographic Challenge to Japanese Education ..................................... 547 Roger Goodman 29. Ageing Japan and the Transmission of Traditional Skills and Know-How .................. .............................. 561 Takanori Shintani 30. Age-specific Technology: A Demographic Challenge for Design ..................................... 571 Fumihiko Satofuka 31. Ageing Tourists, Ageing Destinations: Tourism and Demographic Change in Japan ..................................... 579 Carolin Funck 32. Pastim es ........................................ 599 John Clammer 33. Sports and Demographic Change in Japan ..................... 613 Wolfram Manzenreiter PART IV POLITICAL ASPECTS OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE Introduction ........................................ 635 34. Demographics and the State ..................................... 639 Leonard Schoppa 3:. Politics of Old-Age Policy-Making ...................................... 653 John Creighton Campbell 36. Political Parties in an Ageing Society .................................. 667 Paul Talcott 37. Civil Society Roles in Elderly Care: A Non-profit ............ 689 Organization Census David M. Potter 38. Neighbourhood Associations and the Demographic Challenge ....................................... ...... 707 Robert Pekkanen and Yutaka Tsujinaka 39. "Induced" Voluntarism: A New Role for Schools? ....... 721 Akihiro Ogawa CASE IN POINT: AGE STRUCTURE OF VOLUNTEERS 40. Educational Policy: Framework and Challenges ................. 733 Susanne Kreitz-Sandberg 41. Family Policy: Framework and Challenges .................... 749 Liv Coleman 42. Immigration Policy: Framework and Challenges ............... 765 Glenda S. Roberts 43. Infrastructural Policy: Framework and Challenges ............ 781 Thomas Feldhoff 44. Postal Privatization and its Implications fbr the Ageing Society ..................................................................... 799 Patricia L. Maclachlan PART V ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SECURITY ASPECTS OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE Introduction ................................................................. . 817 CASE IN POIn.r: "SILVER" CUSTOMERS: JAPAN'S CENTENARIANS 1963-2005 45. Population Ageing and Economic Growth: The Role of Two Demographic Dividends in Japan .................. 821 Naohiro Ogawa 46. Macroeconomic Impact and Public Finance Perspectives of the Ageing Society ................. ............. 841 Akihiro Kawase and Seiritsu Ogura 47. The Impact of the Ageing Society on Regional E conom ies ...................................................................... 86 1 Volker Elis 48. A Survey of Household Saving Behaviour .......................... 879 Charles Yuji Horioka 49. Ile Agelig Society and Economic Inequality ................... 899 Funti1o Olitake 50. Povcritv :ý iong the Elderly .............................. .......... 921 Hisashi Ftukawa 51. Economic Factors in the Declining Birth Rate ................... 933 Nalhiro Yashiro 52. Labou Market and Labour Market Policies for the Agg n Society ..... ......... . ................ .. .............. 947 Hendrik lever-Ohle 53. C ender lDiniensions of the Ageing Workforce ..................... 963 Karen A. Shire 54. Human Resource Management Practices and the Ageing V )orkfbrce ................ . ........................... 979 Ha-aid Conrad 55. The Impact of the Ageing Society on Consumer Behaviour and Consumer M arkets ............... ................. 999 Hidehiko Sekizawa CASE IN POINT: A r VARD THAT TAKES PRIDE IN BEING TRATFIc SAFE FOR TI iE LDERLY 56. The \eing Society and Reactions of the Automobile Industry - a Case Study Andreas Mo rke ............ ........................ 1017 57. Ageing and the Social Security System ............................ 1033 Ito Peng 58. Providing Care for the Ageing Society ............................. 1049 Naoki Ikega mi 59. Guardia nship fi)r Adults ............................ ............ ... 1065 Makoto Arai 60. The Public Health-Care System - a Financial Perspective .............................................. 1077 Tetsuo Fukawa 61. The Public Pension System and the Ageing Society ........ 1097 ITakashi Oshio 62. The Search for More Equitable Pensions Between Generations .................................... .............. 1115 No riyuki Takayama 63. The Rcstructuring of the Corporate Pension System ...... 1135 Irr J uki Kuibo