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Preface & Acknowledgments xi List of Acronyms xiii Introduction The Aim, Perspective, and Structure of This Book xv About the Term "Economic Law" xv The Intended Audience for This Book xvi Focusing on "General Principles" xvii Structure of This Book xviii Technical Matters and Conventions xviii Chapter I The Role of Business Entities in the Economy 3 I.A. Business Organizations 3 I.A.1. Sole Proprietorship; Partnership; Limited Partnership 4 I.A.2. Limited Liability Company; Stock Company; Cooperative 7 I.A.3. Government Enterprises 11 I.A.4. Multinational Enterprises 12 I.B. Competition Law 14 I.B.1. The Goal of Promoting Competition 14 I.B.2. Behaviors that Competition Laws Regulate 15 I.C. Business Financing 19 I.C.1. Equity Financing (Stocks); Long-Term Debt Financing (Bonds) 20 I.C.2. Short-Term Financing--Accounts Receivable; Security Interests 21 I.C.3. Commercial Paper Financing 24 I.D. Accounting Rules 27 I.D.I. History of Accounting Rules-The Need for "Uniformity" 28 I.D.2. Dispositive Requirements and Disclosure Requirements 31 I.D.3. Key Accounting Standards 32 I.D.4. The Balance Sheet and the Income Statement 36 I.E. Bankruptcy 41 I.E.1. Aim and Scope of Bankruptcy Law 41 I.E.2. Common Themes and Concepts 42 I.E.3. Cross-Border Insolvency 44 Chapter II Key Transactional Aspects of Business Operations 47 II.A. Contract Law and Commercial Law 47 II.A.1. Contract Formation 48 II.A.2. Contract Validity 51 II.A.3. Contract Interpretation 52 II.A.4. Contract Performance, Non-Performance, and Termination 53 II.A.5. Remedies for Breach of Contract 54 II.A.6. Commercial Contracts 56 II.A.7. Electronic Commerce 59 II.B. Resolution of Commercial Disputes 63 II.B.1. Choices of Law, Forum, and Procedures 64 II.B.2. Focus on Commercial Arbitration 66 II.C. Banking Law 68 II.C.1. The Central Bank 69 II.C.2. Commercial Banks and Specialized Banks 70 II.C.3. Other Issues in Banking and Monetary Law 73 II.D. Insurance 79 II.D.1. Key Elements of Insurance 80 II.D.2. Types of Insurance; Insurable Interests 82 II.D.3. Other Insurance Issues 84 II.E. Protection of Intellectual Property Rights 85 II.E.1. Intellectual Property Rights 85 II.E.2. Patents 86 II.E.3. Trademarks 91 II.E.4. Copyright 94 II.F. Cyber Law 97 II.F.1. Governance of Cyberspace 98 II.F.2. Rights and Freedoms in Cyberspace 101 II.F.3. Cybercrimne 104 Chapter III The Role of Government in the Economy 109 III.A. Labor Law 110 III.A.1. General Observations 110 III.A.2. Issues Covered in Labor Legislation 111 III.A.3. International Labor Law 113 III.B. Natural Resources and Environmental Law 116 III.B.1. Ownership and Exploitation of Natural Resources 119 III.B.2. Specific Regimes for Specific Resources 120 III.B.3. Pollution Control and Remedies 122 III.B.4. Environmental Assessment and Planning 123 III.C. Product Liability and Consumer Protection 125 III.C.1. Product Liability 125 III.C.2. Consumer Protection 128 III.D. Tax Law 132 III.D.1. Income Tax 133 III.D.2. Other Forms of Taxation 136 III.E. Protecting the Economy against Corruption and Terrorism 138 III.E.1. Anti-Corruption 139 III.E.2. Anti-Terrorism 140 Chapter IV Relations with Other Economies 145 IV.A. International Business Transactions in General 145 IV.B. International Sales of Goods-Transactional Aspects 150 IV.B.1. Commercial'Terms-FOB & CIF 151 IV.B.2. Choice of Law, Conflicts of Law, and the CISG 153 IV.B.3. Choice of Forum and Means of Dispute Resolution 156 IV.B.4. Payment Provisions 159 IV.C. International Sales of Goods--Regulatory Aspects 162 IV.C.1. Government Regulation of Imports--Tariffs and Other Barriers 162 IV.C.2. The GATT and the WTO 163 IV.C.3. Government Regulation of Exports 167 IV.D. International Licensing and Investment 169 IV.D.1. Licensing and Investment in General 169 IV.D.2. Themes and Provisions of Investment Regulations 172 IV.E. International Economic Organizations 176 About the Author 181 Index 183