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Page PREFACE ---------- --- -------------------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER 1. THE ROLE OF JUDGE AND JURY Sec. 1.00 Allocating Power Between Judge and Jury-----------------------... 1 1.01 Preliminary Matters Governed by § 403 ---.................-----...- 6 1.02 Section 403 and the Federal Doctrine of Conditional Rele- vance --------...----...-------------.----...-------.....---------------------. 7 1.03 Preliminary Matters Governed by § 405 -------... -------------..... 8 1.04 The Burden of Proof in § 405 Determinations ...--.-------------. 11 1.05 The Rules of Evidence and Preliminary Fact Determinations 12 1.06 Preliminary Fact Determinations Involving Ultimate Issues--. 13 1.07 Other Provisions Relating to Admissibility---.------------------. 13 1.08 Summary of Major Differences Between the Code and the Page Sec. 4.06 Humanitarian Gestures----------------. .....------------------------ 62 4.07 Pleas and Related Statements ...............................---------------.. 63 4.08 Liability Insurance ------.. . ----------------------------------------. 65 4.09 Other Limitations on Relevant Evidence.----.....------------------ 66 CHAPTER 5. PRIVILEGES 5.00 Introduction .-------------------------.---------. .--------..--- 70 5.01 General Rule of Privilege------------------.... ---------------.---------. 71 5.02 Attorney-Client Privilege -------.... ---------.....--------------.. 72 5.03 The Privilege Not to Testify Against a Spouse ----------.......-. 79 5.04 Privilege for Confidential Marital Communications -----........- 82 5.05 The Physician-Patient Privilege -----......----------------------....... 84 5.06 The Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege ---------------..........---... 90 5.07 Clergy-Penitent Privilege ---.....--------------------.------------- . 99 5.08 The Sexual Assault Victim-Counselor Privilege .............------- 101 5.09 The Domestic Violence Victim-Counselor Privilege ------.. ----- 107 5.10 Human Trafficking Victim-Caseworker Privilege......-..-------- 112 5.11 Privilege for Official Information .................--------------------- 115 5.12 Privilege for the Identity of Informer -------.------------------- 117 5.13 Secrecy of Vote ..--------.......--- ------.--..--..- ------------- 119 5.14 Trade Secrets-..--.----------------.--..---------------------------- 120 5.15 Applicability of Privileges --------------------.--------------------- 123 5.16 Waiver of Privileges-----...-.. -------------------------------------------- 124 5.17 Commenting on Privileges ----------------.--------------------------. 125 5.18 Erroneously Compelled Disclosures--......-........ ---------.------ 126 CHAPTER 6. WITNESSES 6.00 Competency in General --........------------------.. .--------..---.. 128 6.01 Translators and Interpreters..-------------- -------------------------- 130 6.02 Persons Disqualified From Testifying---...----------- -----------. 136 6.03 Credibility of Witnesses in General -------............-------------- .143 6.04 Who May Impeach------------...------------------------------------- ..145 6.05 Impeaching Sexual Assault Victims-----..-... ----------------------- 145 6.06 Impeachment by Character of the Witness-Prior Bad Acts .. 149 6.07 Impeachment by Character of the Witness-Convictions-----. - 151 6.08 Impeachment by Character of the Witness-Reputation and Opinion Regarding Veracity---.........---------------------------- 156 6.09 Impeachment by Character of the Witness--Religious Beliefs 159 6.10 Impeachment by Prior Inconsistent Statements-------.----------- 160 6.11 Rehabilitation by Prior Consistent Statements ---.....----------- 162 6.12 Examination of Witnesses-The Judge's General Powers ------ 164 6.13 Examination of Witnesses-The Order and Mode of Interro- gation ...---------------------.----.------------------------------. . 165 6.14 Examination of Witnesses-Court Witnesses .----------...... ..... 169 6.15 Examination of Witnesses-Exclusion of Witnesses ----------- 170 6.16 Examination of Witnesses-Refreshing Recollection..--.------ 171 Page Sec. 6.17 Examination of Witnesses-Child Witnesses ----------------------. 173 6.18 Examination of Witnesses-Other Provisions -------.............. 175 CHAPTER 7. EXPERT TESTIMONY 7.00 Introduction ----------------------------------------.------------ 177 7.01 Expert Opinion: Convergence.-----.- - ---------- ---------------. 181 7.02 Expert Opinion: Divergence------------------------.---------.-------- 183 7.03 The Federal Approach----------------------------.-.--.---..------. 185 7.04 Daubert and California.--..--------..--.----------.---.--- ----... 186 7.05 Cross-Examining Experts---------------.---.....---------- 186 7.06 Court Appointed Experts .--- ..------.----- ----- -------------- 188 CHAPTER 8. HEARSAY AND ITS EXCEPTIONS 8.00 Definition ----------------------------------------------------------..----- - 193 8.01 Unavailability of the Hearsay Declarant ----........----.-.-----. 196 8.02 Exemptions and Exceptions ---------------------------. --.- 198 8.03 Prior Inconsistent Statements---.----------------------------- 198 8.04 Prior Consistent Statements -----------.-------------------------- - 199 8.05 Statements of Identification--.........---------------------------- 201 8.06 Admissions by a Party and Related Statements -----.------------. 202 8.07 Present Sense Impressions and Contemporaneous State- ments--.......--.------------------ ----------------------- 207 8.08 Excited Utterances.---.-- ..--...... ..--..........-------------------- 208 8.09 State of Mind Declarations .........-----......---------.--------- 209 8.10 Past Recollection Recorded .----...........---.--.... --: -..------- 213 8.11 Business and Official Records-..-....---------.......-----.---------- 214 8.12 Judgments of Conviction ......-.------......---------- ----.. ..------ 219 8.13 Judgments Against Persons Entitled to Indemnity--.-------.-- 221 8.14 Judgments Determining the Liability of a Third Person ------- 221 8.15 Former Testimony.........------------.......... .........--------..------ 222 8.16 Declarant's Unavailability Caused by the Accused.......--------- 227 8.17 Statements by Dead Declarants Regarding Gang Activities.. - 230 8.18 Dying Declarations ---------------------------------- 232 8.19 Declarations Against Interest--.......-- -----.......---- .......----- 233 8.20 Statements by Minors Describing Acts of Attempted Acts of Child Abuse or Neglect---......--------------.... -------.--------- 234 8.21 Statements by Crime Victims Relating Threats.-------.-.------ 235 8.22 Declarations by Elders and Dependent Adults -----------------. 237 8.23 Dead Man's Statute .....-------..--..----.-------------------- 239 8.24 Proof of Business Records by Affidavit ..- --------------- 240 8.25 Records of Conviction .-------.-------.. ----- --------..243 8.26 Findings of Death by Federal Employees ...............---.......... 244 8.27 Federal Missing Person Records ..---------... -------------- 244 8.28 Records of Vital Statistics.....---------............-----.. ----...----.... 245 8.29 Statement of Absence of Public Record........--...--.......------- 246 8.30 Church Records Concerning Family History..----..---------...... 247 Page Sec. 8.31 Marriage, Baptismal, and Similar Certificates--------------.......... 248 8.32 Entries in Family Records ......................... ......---------------.. 249 8.33 Recitals in Writings Affecting Property...................-----------. 249 8.34 Records of Documents Affecting an Interest in Property ----- 250 8.35 Recitals in Ancient Writings ...------------------------............ ... 251 8.36 Commercial Publications ---.........------..------...-- .252 8.37 Statements in Learned Treatises ----------------..-----------..---.. . 253 8.38 Reputation Concerning Character--- ..------------... ...........- 254 8.39 Reputation Concerning Family History.... -----------...... .......-. 255 8.40 Reputation Concerning Boundaries-------..... ---------.. .......... 256 8.41 Reputation Concerning Community History----------------------- 257 8.42 Reputation Concerning Public Interest in Property ..---.....---- 258 8.43 Statements Concerning Boundaries .---.............--..-.. ---....258 8.44 Judgments Concerning Personal, Family, or General Histo- ry, or Boundaries ----------.......-------------------.......... .. 258 8.45 Statements Concerning a Declarant's Own Family History -.. 259 8.46 Statements Concerning the Family History of Another ------..... 260 8.47 Hearsay Offered at Preliminary Hearings ...........------------.... 261 8.49 Residual Exception to the Hearsay Rule ..---------............ ----. 261 8.50 Hearsay and Confrontation....--------------------------------------.-- 262 8.51 Multiple Hearsay ------... --------......--------------------------------.. 263 8.52 Credibility of the Hearsay Declarant -...........--- ---..-----........ 263 CHAPTER 9. AUTHENTICATION 9.00 The Requirement of Authentication -------.....----..... ...--------. 266 9.01 Authentication Under the California Evidence Code...---....... 267 9.02 Authentication Under the Federal Rules.................----------------... 275 CHAPTER 10. THE BEST AND SECONDARY EVIDENCE RULES 10.00 Proof of Writings-Convergence and Divergence--........-------- 280 10.01 Exceptions to the Best Evidence Rule--------.------------------ .... . 284 10.02 Functions of Judge and Jury Under the Best and Secondary Evidence Rules ............. --------------------------------------286 10.03 Additional Provisions Relating to the Proof of Writings -------- 287 10.04 The Completeness Doctrine ----............ -------------------------.- 293 CHAPTER 11. GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 11.00 Scope of the Federal Rules and Evidence Code----------- -------- 295 11.01 Construction of the Rules ---------------.- --------------------------- 297 11.02 Amendments ..........------------------------------........... .. 298 11.03 Title -------------- ---------------.................--...----.. 298 11.04 Rulings on Evidence ----...-.......--------------...... ...- --------298 11.05 Limited Admissibility...-------.. ------..............---------------- 300