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L ist of C ontributors ................................................. ...... .................. ..... .... ... .... ....... .................... . .......... viii P reface ........................................................................................................................... .................................................... x i Keynote address: An international forum for nautical research 1976-2003 by Ole Crumlin-Pedersen................ xiii SeAn McGrail: Walking on water: Maritime archaeology by air, land and sea by Jonathan Adams .................... xvii A. EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY 1. Experimental archaeology and ships - principles, problems and examples O le C rum lin-P edersen ............................................................................ ............................. ........................... 1 2. Experimental boat archaeology: Has it a future? Sedn M cG rail....................................................................................... . . . ............................................. . ............ 8 3. Experimental archaeology at the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde Soren Nielsen .... ........................................................... ............... 16 4. History written in tool marks Thom as F inderup ..................................... ............. ......... ..... .............................................................. 2 1 5. Reconstruction of rope for the copy of Skuldelev 2: Rope in the Viking Period O le M agnus ................................................ ..... ......... ....................................... ................................ 27 6. Trial voyages as a method of experimental archaeology: The aspect of speed A nton E nglert.......................................................................................... ................................. ................. . . ..... 35 7. An example of experimental archaeology and the construction of a full-scale research model of the Cavalibre ship's hull S a brin a M arlier ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 3 8. Reconstruction of the large Borobudur outrigger sailing craft E rik P etersen ..................................................................................................... .................. . . . ..... 50 9. The construction and trials of a half-scale model of the Early Bronze Age ship, Ferriby 1, to assess the capability of the full-size ship Edwin Gifford, Joyce Gifford and John Coates.......................................... ............................. ........................... 57 10. The value of experimental archaeology for reconstructing ancient seafaring Tim m W eski ................................................................................... . ....... ......................... 63 11. The Pacific migrations by canoe-form craft Jam es W harram and H anneke Boon ......................................................................................... ........................ 68 B. THEORETICAL ISSUES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS 12. New light on the false clinkers in ancient Mediterranean shipbuilding P a trice P om ey ........................................................................... ........... ...... ..................... .......... ......................... 74 13. A preliminary report on the hull characteristics of the Gallo-Roman EPI-Taillebourg wreck (Charente- Maritime, France): archaeological evidence of regional practices of ancient flat-bottomed construction? Eric Rieth ............................................................ ..................... 78 14. The Dor 2001/1 wreck, Dor/Tantura Lagoon, Israel: Preliminary Report Yaacov Kahanov and H adas M or ............................................................................................ .......................... 84 15. A hypothesis on the development of Mediterranean ship construction from Antiquity to the Late Midde Ages C arlo B eltram e and M auro B ondioli .................................................................................. ............................... 89 16. Geometric rules in early medieval ships: Evidence from the Bozburun and Serge Limanl vessels M atthew H arp ster ............................................ ................................ . ................................ 95 17. Oak growing, hull design and framing style. The Cavalaire-sur-Mer wreck, c. 1479 Brad Loew en and M arion D elhaye ............................................................................................ ....................... 99 18. Ship design in Holland in the eighteenth century A b H o v in g ................................ ........... ...................... ................................. ................................... .................... 10 5 19. Archaeobotanical characterisation of three ancient, sewn, Mediterranean shipwrecks Stphanie W icha and M ichel G irard ............................................................................. ......................... 1 20. Coating, sheathing, caulking and luting in ancient shipbuilding Ronald Bockius ...................................................... ....... 117 C. BETWEEN LAND AND SEA 21. Roman techniques for the transport and conservation of fish: the case of the Fiumicino 5 wreck G iulia B oetto ...... ............................ ............................. ........... ................................... . ... 123 22. Land and sea connections: the Kastro rock-cut site (Lemnos Island, Aegean Sea, Greece) Christina Marangou ....................................................................................................... 130 23. Local boat-building traditions in the Bristol region A n th ony J P arker .......................................................................................................................... ...... . ............ 13 7 24. The harbour of Hai6aby Sven Kalmring ............................ .................................. ........ 143 25. Money, port and ships from a Schleswig point of view C hristia n R a dtke ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 7 26. Inland water transport in the Pre-Roman and Roman Iron Age in Northern Germany and its role in intra- and intercultural communication Ulrike Teigelake ................................ ................... ... ..... ................................ 152 27. Staraya Ladoga: a seaport in medieval Russia P etr S o rok in ............................................................................... ... .......... ................................................. 15 7 28. The APES Archaeological Study: The North Carolina Sounds, an interface between land and sea Lawrence E. Babits, Frank Cantelas and Keith Meverden .................................................. 163 D. LONG DISTANCE SEAFARING AND THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CULTURES 29. The ends of the earth: maritime technology transfer in remote maritime communities Valerie F enw ick ................................................................................................. ..................... 17 1 30. The ships that connected people and the people that commuted by ships: The western Baltic case-study George Indruszewski, Marcus Nilsson and Tomasz Wazny ...................................................... ..................... 177 31. Early cogs, Jutland boatbuilders, and the connection between East and West before AD 1250. Fred Hocker and Aoife Daly .................................................................................................... 187 32. Couronian ship building, navigation and contacts with Scandinavia Inese K arlina ............................................ ........................... ..... .................... 195 E. HISTORICAL, ICONOGRAPHIC AND ETHNOGRAPHIC SOURCES AND APPROACHES 33. From Carl Reinhold Berch to Nils MAnsson Mandelgren: On the concept of maritime history, (Sw. sj6historia), and its meanings in Sweden since the latter 18th century C arl O lof C ederlund ............................................................................................................... ............ . ............ 199 34. Ships and subsidies D av id A . H in to n ...................................................................................................................... .......................... 2 0 5 35. Sea-lanes of communication: Language as a tool for nautical archaeology K atrin Thier ......................... ............................ ................................... ............................................... 2 10 36. Medieval shipping in the estuary of the Vistula River. Written sources in the interpretation of archaeological finds R o b ert D om zal ........................................ ... ............................................... ... ........................... ..................... 2 17 37. Linking boats and rock carvings - Hjortspring and the North John C oles................................................. . ................................................................................................... 223 38. Aeneas' Sail: the iconography of seafaring in the central Mediterranean region during the Italian Final Bronze Age C laire C alcag n o ................................................................................................................................................... 22 6 39. Western European design boat building in Buton (Sulawesi, Indonesia): a "sequence of operations" approach (SOA) D aniel Verm onden .............................................................. ...................................................... .................. . . . 234 40. Balagarhi Dingi: An anthropological approach to traditional technology Sw arup B hattacharyya ............................................................................................................ ......................... 243 F. NEWS FROM THE BALTIC 41. The Roskilde ships Morten Gothche .......................................................................... ................................ .......... 252 42. Two double-planked wrecks from Poland W aldem ar O ssow ski.......................................................... ............................................................................ 259 43. Mynden. A small Danish frigate of the 18th century J en s A u er ................................................................................................................. ........... ........................... 2 6 6 44. The wreck of a 16th/17th-century sailing ship near the Hel Peninsula, Poland T o m asz B edn arz ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 7 3 G. NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD 45. Sewn boat timbers from the medieval Islamic port of Quseir al-Qadim on the Red Sea coast of Egypt L ucy B lue ......................................................................... ................................................................ . ............ 277 46. A Roman river barge from Sisak (Siscia), Croatia Andrej Gaspari, Miran Eri and Marija malcelj............................................................. ............................. 284 47. Contributions of maritime archaeology to the study of an Atlantic port: Bordeaux and its reused boat timbers Patricia Sibella, John Atkin and Bdatrice Szepertyski.................................................................................. 290 48. A Roman barge with an artefactual inventory from De Meer (the Netherlands) A ndr F .L. Van H olk ...................................... ......................................................................................... 295 49. The Arade 1 shipwreck. A small ship at the mouth of the Arade River, Portugal F ilip e C astro ................................................................................................... ............... ................ . . ........... 300 50. A Black Sea merchantman K roum N . B atchvarov .................................. ........................................................................................ ........ ....... 30 6 51. Medieval boats from the port of Olbia, Sardinia, Italy E doardo R iccardi ...................................................................................................... ....... ............. . ............ 3 12