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Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) O verview of the ADEA ....................... ........................................................................... 29 How the ADEA Is Enforced ................................................................................................. 38 Com plying W ith the ADEA................. ......................................................................... 39 A gency Resources................................................................. ................................... 4 1 State Laws Relating to Age Discrimination....................................... ...... 41 Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) Overview of the ADA ................................ ........................................................ 45 How the ADA Is Enforced ................................................................................................... 58 Com plying W ith the ADA ............................................................................................ 58 Agency Resources .................................................... 59 State Laws Relating to Disability Discrimination.................................... .. 61 Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) O verview of CO BRA ................................... ..................................................................... 66 How CO BRA Is Enforced...................................................................................................... 79 Complying With COBRA.............................................................................................. 80 Agency Resources.................................... ............................................................... 82 State Laws Relating to Health Coverage Continuation ..................................... 83 Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA) O verview of the EPPA ........................................................................................................ 100 Major Provisions of the EPPA .......................................................................02 How the EPPA Is Enforced ........................................ 117 Com plying W ith the EPPA ................................................................................................ 118 Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) O verview of ERISA ..............................................................................................................133 M ajor Provisions of ERISA.................................................................................................137 How ERISA Is Enforced .............................................................................. ................148 Com plying W ith ERISA ...................................................................................................... 50 Equal Pay Act (EPA) Overview of the EPA.....................................55..............................................................................155 How the EPA Is Enforced...................................................................................................160 Com plying W ith the EPA...................................................................................................161 Agency Resources.................................................. ....... ........................................... 163 State Laws Relating to Equal Pay ..................................... 163 Agency Resources ................................... .................................................................164 State Laws Relating to Equal Pay ..................................... 164 Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) O verview of the FCRA .......................................................................................................167 Major Provisions of the FCRA................................. ...........................................171 How the FCRA Is Enforced ...............................................................................................179 Complying With the FCRA ...............................................................................................180 Agency Resources....................... ................................................................................182 State Laws Relating to Credit Reporting...................................................... 182 Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) "Overview of the FLSA ........................................................................................................184 Major Provisions of the FLSA ..........................................................................................191 How the FLSA Is Enforced ........................................202 Complying With the FLSA .........................................................................................203 Agency Resources................................................................................... ......................206 State Laws Relating to Wages and Hours ...............................................207 Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) O verview of the FM LA.......................................................................................................225 How the FMLA Is Enforced ........................................238 Complying With the FMLA...............................................................239 Agency Resources.................................................................................................241 State Laws Relating to Family and Medical Leave............................242 The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) O verview of IRCA ................................................................................................................251 Major Provisions of IRCA..................................... ................................................254 How IRCA Is Enforced ................................................................................. ............... 263 Com plying W ith IRCA ................................................................................. ............... 264 Agency Resources.................................................................................................... 266 State Laws Relating to Immigration .................................................... .. .......266 National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) Overview of the NLRA ...............................................................................................269 Major Provisions of the NLRA ...................................................................... ..........274 How the NLRA Is Enforced ................................................................................286 Complying With the NLRA .......................................................................................287 Agency Resources........................................................................................................... 289 State Right-to-Work Laws.........................................................................................289 The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) Overview of the OSH Act.......................................................................... ...............292 Major Provisions of the OSH Act................................................................ ..........296 How the OSH Act Is Enforced......................................................................................303 Complying With the OSH Act..................................................................................304 Agency Resources...............................................................................................................306 State Laws Relating to Occupational Safety and Health................................. 307 Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) O verview of O W BPA ...........................................................................................................31 1 Major Provisions of OWBPA .............................................................................................313 How OWBPA Is Enforced ............................................................................ ..............325 Complying With OWBPA...........................................................................................325 Agency Resources........................................................... ...................................326 State Laws Relating to Age Discrimination.................... ..... . .....326 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) O verview of PRW O RA........................................................................................................328 How PRWORA Is Enforced .......................................................................... .............333 Complying With PRWORA........................................................................................333 Agency Resources...................................................................................... ................. 334 State Laws Relating to New Hire Reporting ...........................................335 Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) Overview of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act..........................338 How the Pregnancy Discrimination Act Is Enforced...........................343 Complying With the Pregnancy Discrimination Act..............................................343 Agency Resources................................................................................. ........................344 State Laws Relating to Pregnancy Discrimination .................................344......... The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) O verview of SOX...................................................................................... ....................346 How SOX Is Enforced..................................................................................................3 53 Complying With SOX...................................................................................................355 Agency Resources................................................................ .......357 State Laws Relating to Whistleblowers ........................................ .......358 Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Section 1981) Overview of Section 1981 .......................................................................... ..............360 How Section 1981 Is Enforced ................................................................................367 Complying With Section 1981 ........................................... .................................367 State Laws Relating to Race Discrimination ...................................... .....368 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) O verview ofTitle VII................................................................................. ................... 371 How Title VII Is Enforced.................................................................... ............... 381 Com plying W ith Title VII.......................................................................... ............... 382 Agency Resources ................................................................................ ...................383 State Antidiscrimination Laws .............................................. ............................ 383 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) O verview of USERRA ........................................................................... ....................398 M ajor Provisions of USERRA ........................................................................ ............402 How USERRA Is Enforced ..................................................................................................412 Com plying W ith USERRA...................................................... ...............................413 Agency Resources.......................................................................................................................415 State Laws Relating to Military Service ....................................................................415 Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN) Overview of WARN..............................................................................................................426 How WARN Is Enforced...................................................................................................... Complying With WARN .....................................................................................................432 Agency Resources...............................................................................................................4 State Laws Relating to Plant Closings ..........................................................................434 Appendix A: Federal and State Agencies Federal Agencies ................................................................................................................. State Agencies...................................................................................................................... Appendix B: SHRM and Nolo Resources SHRM and Nolo Resources...............................................................................................458 SHRM Resources ..................................................................................................................458 Nolo Resources ....................................................................................................................4