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Introduction ix
Entries:
Aaron, Henry Louis ("Hank") 1
Abernathy, Ralph David, Sr. 2
Ailey, Alvin, Jr. 3
Aldridge, Ira Frederick 4
Ali, Muhammad (Cassius Marcellus Clay) 5
Alien, Richard 6
Alston, Charles H. 7
Anderson, Marian 7
Angelou, Maya (Marguerite Johnson) 8
Antoine, Caesar Carpetier 9
Armistead, James Lafayette 10
Armstrong, Louis ("Satchmo") 11
Ashe, Arthur Robert, Jr. 12
Attucks, Crispus 13
Baldwin, James Arthur 15
Bambara, Toni Cade 16
Banneker, Benjamin 16
Bannister, Edward Mitchell 18
Baraka, Imamu Amiri (LeRoi Jones) 19
Barnett, Claude Albert 21
Barth6, Richmond 21
Bassett, Ebenezer Don Carlos 22
Bearden, Fred Romare Howard 23
Beckwourth, James Pierson (Beckwirth) 24
Belafonte, Harold George, Jr. ("Harry") 25
Bethune, Mary Jane McLeod 26
Binga, Jesse 27
Blake, James Hubert ("Eubie") 27
Bland, James 28
Bontemps, Arna 29
Brooke, Edward William 30
Brooks, Gwendolyn 31
Bunche, Ralph Johnson 33
Cardozo, William Warrick 35
Carney, William H. 35
Carver, George Washington 36
Chamberlain, Wilton Norman ("Wilt") 38
Chesnutt, Charles Waddell 39
Childress, Alice 40
Chuck D (Carlton Ridenhour) 41
Cinque, Joseph 42
Coleman, Bessie 43
Cosby, William Henry, Jr. ("Bill") 44
Couvent, Justine (Madame Couvent) 45
Cromwell, Oliver 46
Crummell, Alexander 46
Cuffe, Paul 47
Cullen, Count6e (Countee Porter) 48
Dailey, Ulysses Grant 51
Davis, Angela Yvonne 51
Davis, Benjamin Oliver, Jr. 53
Davis, Benjamin Oliver, Sr. 53
Davis, Ossie 54
Dee, Ruby 55
Delany, Martin Robinson 56
Dixon, Dean Charles 58
Douglass, Frederick 58
Drew, Charles Richard 60
DuBois, William Edward Burghardt 62
Dunbar, Paul Laurence 63
Dunham, Katherine 65
Du Sable, Jean-Baptiste Pointe 66
Edelman, Marian Wright 69
Elders, Minnie Joycelyn 70
Ellington, Edward Kennedy ("Duke") 72
Ellison, Ralph Waldo 74
Evans, Mari 74
Evanti, Madame Lillian (Lillian Evans) 75
Evers, Medgar Wiley 76
Fauset, Jessie Redmon 79
Flora, William 80
Forten, Charlotte L. (Charlotte Grimke) 80
Forten, James, Sr. 81
Fortune, Timothy Thomas 82
Franklin, John Hope 82
Freeman, Morgan 83
Garnet, Henry Highland 85
Garvey, Marcus Mosiah 86
Gaston, Arthur George 88
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. 88
Gibson, Althea 90
Gilpin, Charles Sidney 91
Giovanni, Nikki (Yolande Cornelia Giovanni, Jr.) 92
Goldberg, Whoopi (Caryn Johnson) 93
Gordy, Berry, Jr. 94
GrimkU, Archibald Henry 95
Hale, Clara McBride ("Mother") 99
Haley, Alex Palmer 100
Handy, William Christopher 100
Hansberry, Lorraine Vivian 101
Hayes, Roland 102
Healy, James Augustine 103
Hemings, Sally 104
Hendrix, Jimi 105
Henson, Matthew Alexander ("Matt") 106
Holiday, Billie 108
Home, Lena Mary Calhoun 110
Houston, Charles Hamilton 111
Hughes, James Langston 112
Hunt, Richard Howard 114
Hunter-Gault, Charlayne 115
Hurston, Zora Neale 116
Jackson, Jesse Louis 119
Jackson, Michael Joseph 120
Jackson, Reginald Martinez ("Reggie") 121
Jefferson, Lemon ("Blind Lemon") 122
Jemison, Mae Carol 123
Johnson, Charles Spurgeon 125
Johnson, Earvin, Jr. ("Magic") 126
Johnson, James Weldon (James William Johnson) 127
Johnson, John Harold 129
Jones, James Earl 130
Joplin, Scott 131
Jordan, Barbara 132
Jordan, Michael 135
Jordan, Vernon Eulion, Jr. 136
Joyner-Kersee, Jackie 138
Julian, Percy Lavon 138
Just, Ernest Everett 139
King, Martin Luther, Jr. 141
King, Martin Luther, Sr. 144
Lafon, Thorny 145
Larsen, Nella 145
Latimer, Lewis Howard 146
Lawless, Theodore K. 147
Lawrence, Jacob Armstead 147
Ledbetter, Huddie ("Leadbelly") 148
Lee, Canada (Lionel Cornelius Canegata) 149
Lee, Shelton Jackson ("Spike") 150
Leidesdorff, William Alexander 151
Lester, Julius Bernard 152
Lewis, Mary Edmonia (Wildfire) 153
Locke, Alain Leroy 154
Louis, Joe (Joseph Louis Barrow) 156
McCoy, Elijah 159
McCullough, Geraldine Hamilton 160
McDaniel, Hattie 160
McKay, Claude 161
Marsalis, Wynton 162
Marshall, Thurgood 163
Matzeliger, Jan Earnst 166
Mays, Benjamin Elijah 167
Micheaux, Oscar 168
Morgan, Garrett A. 169
Morrison, Toni (Chloe Anthony Wofford) 170
Moseley-Braun, Carol Elizabeth 171
Motley, Constance Baker 173
Muhammad, Elijah (Robert Poole) 174
Myers, Isaac 174
Newton, Huey Percy 177
Norton, Eleanor Holmes 178
Odetta (Odetta Gordon; Odetta Felious Gordon;
Odetta Holmes) 181
Overton, Anthony 181
Owens, Jesse (James Cleveland Owens) 182
Paige, Leroy Robert ("Satchel") 185
Parker, Charles, Jr. 186
Parks, Gordon Roger 187
Parks, Rosa (Rose Louise McCauley) 187
Paul, Thomas, Sr. 189
Payne, Daniel Alexander 190
Perkins, Marion 191
Poitier, Sidney 191
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. 192
Powell, Colin Luther 194
Price, Leontyne ("Mary") 195
Prosser, Gabriel 196
Queen Latifah (Dana Owens) 197
Rainey, Gertrude Pridgett ("Ma") 199
Randolph, Asa Philip 200
Rapier, James Thomas 202
Rillieux, Norbert 203
Robeson, Eslanda Cardozo Goode 204
Robeson, Paul 204
Robinson, Jack Roosevelt ("Jackie") 206
Rudolph, Wilma (Glodean) 207
Russwurm, John Brown 208
Salem, Peter 209
Scarborough, William Sanders 210
Schomburg, Arthur Alfonso 210
Scott, Dred 211
Shabazz, Hajj Bahiyah Betty (Betty Sanders) 212
Shakur, Tupac Amaru 213
Simmons, William J. 215
Simpson, Orenthal James ("O. J.") 216
Singleton, Benjamin ("Pap") 217
Smalls, Robert 218
Smith, Bessie 219
Smith, Ferdinand Christopher 220
Smythe, John H. 221
Spaulding, Charles Clinton 222
Still, William 222
Tanner, Henry Ossawa 225
Terrell, Mary Church 226
Thomas, Clarence 227
Thurman, Howard 229
Tolton, Augustine 229
Toomer, Nathan Jean 230
Trotter, James Monroe 231
Truth, Sojourner 232
Tubman, Harriet 234
Turner, Henry McNeal 236
Turner, Nat 237
Vann, Robert Lee 241
Varick, James 242
Vesey, Denmark 243
Walker, Alice Malsenior 245
Walker, Madame C. J. (Sarah Breedlove) 247
Walker, David 247
Walker, George 248
Walker, Maggie Lena 249
Walker, Margaret Abigail
(Margaret Walker Alexander) 250
Washington, Booker Taliaferro 251
Waters, Ethel 254
Weaver, Robert Clifton 255
Wells-Barnett, Ida Bell 255
West, Cornel 257
Wheatley, Phillis 258
Whipper, lonia Rollin 259
Whipple, Prince 260
White, Clarence Cameron 260
White, Walter Francis 261
Williams, Bert 263
Williams, Daniel Hale ("Dr. Dan") 264
Williams, George Washington 265
Williams, Paul Revere 266
Wilson, August 267
Wilson, James Finley 267
Wilson, William Julius 268
Winfrey, Oprah Gail 269
Woods, Eldrick ("Tiger") 270
Woods, Granville T. 272
Woodson, Carter Godwin 272
Wright, Richard 273
X, Malcolm (Malcolm Little;
Al Hajj Malik al-Shabazz) 277
Young, Andrew 281
Young, Charles 282
Recommended Sources on African-American
Studies 285
Entries by Area ofActivity 289
Entries by Year of Birth 295
Chronology 299