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introdUCtion I 1 New Spain's Far Northern Frontier EDITOR'S INTRODUC ION 12 SOURCES 1. Church and State Luis de Velasco, 1595 23 2, Frontier Military Antonio Martinez, 1817 25 3. "Contributions are small" Francioco Martinez de Baeza, 1639 27 4, A Communal Land Grant Lorenzo Marquis & Antonio Jose Ortiz, 1794 30 5 Mkestizaje First Los Angeles Census, 1781 3 6. "Most hardy subjects" Zebulon M. Pike, 1807 Miguel Ramos de Arizpe, 1812 36 "7. "There were no paupers" Jose Agustin de Escudero, 1827 38 8. "Backward" New Mexico Pedro Bautista Pino, 1812 39 9, The '"wretched village" juan Agustin Morfi, 1778 of San Antonio 43 10. 1 he Romantic Frontier Guadalupe Vailejo, 1890 George Wharton James, 1914 45 I1, Yankee Infiltration and the Harde ning of Stereotypes 51 EDITORS INITRODUCTION 52 SO IRCES 1. "Calculating the profit" Carlos Dehault Delassus, 1804 62 2, "Indications are very JoaqurI del Real Aleonaster, 1807 64 dangerous 3, California "would fall William Shaler, 1808 65 without an effort"' 4. The Black Legend William Robertson, 1777 68 5. "Degenerate inhabitants of Rufus B. Sage, 1846 71 Nev Mex ico" 6. "Blood . . . as ditch water" Walter Prescott Webb, 1931 & 1935 75 7. '"A ill opinion of the Jlos Maria Sanchez, 1828 78 Mexicans" 8. "Lazy people of vicious Jose Maria Sanchez, 1828 81 character" 9. "Industrious, honest North Ayuntamiento of San Antonio. 1832 83 American settlers" 10. "Waiting the result" Thomas 0. Larkin, 1846 85 I1I. Cultures Collide 87 ED ITOR'5 INT RODUCTION . 88 SOURCES I. "I am warning you" Manuel Mier y Teran, 1828 & 1829 101 2. "The two people cannot Committee of Vigilance & Public mingle together" Safety, San Augustin, 1835 105 3 "-Their decision irrevocably Antonio L6pez de Santa Anna, 1837 109 seaied their fate" 4. 'Texians! Render every Juan Nepomuceno Seguin, 1836 111 possible assistance" 5. "War . . our final Jos Maria Tornel y Mendivil, 1837 114 salvation" 6. "The sacrificial goat" Pio Pico, 1846-48 117 7. "We would have made some 105 New Mexicans, 1846 121 kind of resistance" 8. "Keep yourselves quiet" Donaciano Vigil, 1847 125 9. Reactions to Defeat Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid, 1846 127 Juan Bautista A varado, 1876 Angustias de [a Guerra Ord, 1878 10. "A duty before God" William P. Rogers, 1846 132 Robert F. Stockton, 1847 1 I "The Government of a John C. Calhoun, 1848 135 white race" IV. All the Rights of Citizens 139 EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION 140 SOURCES 1. "Their property, their Stephen Watts Kearny, 1846 161 persons, their re igion" 2. "All the rights of citizens" Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848 162 3. "For me the placers were Antonio F. Coronel, 1849 169 finished" 4. "Hung as suspects" El Clamor Publico, 1857 174 5. "A foreigner in my native Juan Nepomuceno Seguin, 1858 177 land" 6. "No justice for the Comisi6n Pesquisadora, 1873 182 Mexicans in Texas" 7. "A set policy of terrorizing A Texas Ranger, 1875 187 the Mexicans" 8. "Parceled out to Mexicans" Tucson Citizen, 1904 191 9, "Compelled to sell, Antonio Maria Pico, et al., 1859 195 little by little" 10 "A denial of justice" Public Land Commission, 1880 200 V. Accommodation, Assimilation, and Resistance 203 EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION 204 SOURCES 1. "Revenge took possession Tiburcio VAsquez, 1874 226 of me" Joaquin Murrieta, 1854 2. "To defend ourselves" Juan Nepomuceno Cortina, 1859 231 3. L, Gords Blancas Nuestra Plataforara, 1890 2 234 Fe lix Martinez, 1890 . An sympathy" N A Jennings, c 1875 238 "5 "Volunteers, both M ex ians juan i Tel ez, 1926 241 and Anericans" 6, "Now or never" Ia lFoz del Pueblo, 1906 245 Constitution of New Mexico, 1912 7. 'Por la rm.a- y pan, Congreso Mexicanista, 1911 248 Sla raza" 8. A Sample from the Press /E Labrador, 1904 251 9. Workers from NMexico: Mexican: Diaio del Hogar, 1910 255 IThree Views Anglo American: Samuel Bryan, 1912 Mexican American: El Laboador, 1904