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I ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES 1 A. Explanation of Administrative Law 2 1. Acts and Statutes 2 2. Substantive Laws and Procedural Laws 4 3. The Range of Administrative Laws 4 B, Explanation of Administrative Agency 6 1. Reasons for Creating Agencies 7 2. Extent of Administrative Agencies 9 a. Regulatory 10 b. Social Welfare Agencies 11 c. independent Agency 11 d. Executive Agencies 11 ADVANCED STUDIES 16 2 DEVELOPMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 31 A. History of Administrative Law 32 B. Delegation Doctrine 34 I. Delegation to an Agency 35 . Delegation of Quasi-judicial Powers 37 3. Application of the Delegation Doctrine 37 a. Guidelines from Legislatures 38 b. Standards from Agencies 38 4. Disputed Delegation 38 C. Separation of Powers 40 i. Role of Each Branch in Administrative Agencies 41 a. Independence of the Branches 41 b. Checks and Balances on the Branches 42 Another Action - "Delegation" 43 Case Abstract: Whitman v. American Trucking 43 2. Conflict of Overlapping Power 44 DL Intelligible Principle 44 1 Starting Point 45 2. Guidelines and Standards 47 E. Enactment of Statutes 48 ADVANCED STUDIES 53 3 AGENCY DISCRETION 65 A. Explanation of Discretion 66 B. Effect of Discretion on Agency Decisions 66 1 Informal Actions 67 2. Formal Actions 70 C Past Practice and Discretion 71 1. Examples of Discretion in Agency Decisions 72 2 Effect of Agency Practices 74 D. Expertise and Agency Decisions 76 1 Different Standards in Each Agency 77 2. Complexities in Decisions 77 E Abuse of Discretionary Power 78 I Appeals within Agencies 80 2. Court Review 82 F. Cases Upholding Discretion 83 ADVANCED STUDIES 88 S CLIENT RIGTS 101 A. Introduction 102 1. What Are Client Rights? 102 2. Which Constitutional Rights Are Primary? 102 3. When Are These Rights Upheld by Agencies? 102 B. Constitutional Grounds 103 1, Effect on Procedures 103 2, Constitutional Amendments 105 a. Fifth Amendment 105 b. Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1 105 C. Due Process 106 Case Abstract: Goldberg v. Kelly 107 1. Due Process and Ageny Authority 110 2. Due Process Requirements for Violations 111 D. Right to Know and Right to Privacy 112 Case Abstract: Mayock v. immigration and Naturalization Service 113 Case Abstract: Mayock Appealed 115 Case Abstract: Katz v. National Archives & Records Administration 117 1. Freedom of Information Act (1966) 121 1 Privacy Act (1974) 122 3. Sunshine Act (1976) 124 4. Trade Secrets Act (1976) 124 E Agency Liability for Violations 125 F. Fair and Workable Procedures 127 ADVANCED STUDIES 130 SAGENCY RULES AND 5 REGULATIONS. 141 A Definition and Purpose of Agency Rules and Regulations 142 B. Requirements of Rulernaking 143 1. Administrative Procedure Acts 143 a. Federal 143 b. State 149 c. Pros and Cons of Administrative Procedure Acts 151 2. Legislative Guidelines 152 a. Substantive Rules 152 Another Action - "Rulemaking" 153 Case Abstract: FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco 153 b. Interpretive Rules 154 c. Procedural Rules 154 d. Hybrid Rules 154 C. Rulemaking Procedures 155 1. Informal Rulemaking 155 2 Formal Rulemaking 155 3. Policy Statements 156 ADVANCED STUDIES 160 SINVESTIGATIONS AND INFORMATION GATHERING 175 . Definition and Purpose of Agency Investigations 76 B. Requirements for Gathering nformation 176 1. Jurisdiction 177 2. Reasonable Means 178 3. Non-Privileged Information 179 C+ Recordkeeping 180 i. Requirements 180 . Client Privilege Rights 181 Case Abstract: Craib v, Bulmash 183 3. Excetions to Recordkeeping Requirements 186 D. Inspections 188 "1. Fourth Amendment Protection 188 a. Private Premises 189 b. Businesses 189 2. Pertinent Fourth Amendment Cases 190 E. Investigatory Procedures 190 1. Search Warrants 190 2. Subpoenas 191 Case Abstract: EEOC v. Kloster Cruise Ltd. 193 3. Grants of Immunitv 194 ADVANCED STUDIES 198 7 INFORMAL PROCEEDINGS 205 A. What Are Informal Proceedings and How Do They Work? 206 B. Licenses 206 1. Standards 207 2. Procedures 208 C. Claims 212 1. Right to Make a Claim 212 2 Filing a Claimn 213 D. Negotiations and Arbitration 216 1. Voluntary and Involuntary Resolutions 218 2. Mediation 219 E. Settlements 220 1. Standards 220 2, Cost Savings 221 F. Advisory Protections and Opinions 221 1. Public Pronouncements 222 2. Private Advisory Opinions 222 G. Public Information .222 Case Abstract: Goldberg v. Kelly 223 ADVANCED STUDIES 228 Q ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY HEARINGS 237 A. What Is a Hearing and When Is It Needed? 238 Case Abstract: Louisiana Ass'n of Independent Producers and Royalty Owners v. Federal Energy Regulatory Comnission 239 B. Steps to Obtaining a Hearing 240 1. Determination of Need 240 2. Pre-Hearing Procedures 248 a Notice 249 b. Parties 249 c. Discovery 249 d Pre-Hearing Conferences 250 C. Hearings 250 1. Participants in a Hearing 251 a Judges 251 b Paralegals 252 c. Attornevs 252 dI Expert Witnesses 252 e. Other Witnesses 253 2. Stages of a Hearing 253 a. Presentation of Evidence 253 b. Proof 254 c. Findings 255 3, Hearing Decisions 255 a. Form of Decision 256 b. Standards and Reasons for Decisions 256 Case Abstract: Gonzalez v, Freeman 256 ADVANCED STUDIES 261 9 JUDICIAL REVEW 275 A. What Is judicial Review? 276 B. Access to Judicial Review 276 C. The Power of the Courts to Review 278 D Impact of a Judicial Review Statute 280 Barriers to Judicial Review 282 "I The Statute Does Not Provide for Judicial Review 282 a. Presumption of Review 283 b. General Statutory Review 283 . Denial of Power to Review Agency Decisions 284 a. Statute Precludes Judicial Review 285 b. Agency Discretion Prevents Judicial Review 289 Case Abstract: Shaughnessy v. Pedreiro 292 F Judicial Review Procedures 299 1. Standing 299 Another Action - "Standing" 300 Case Abstract: Branton v. FCC 300 2. Ripeness 301 3. Exhaustion 302 4. Primary Jurisdiction 302 . The Scope of Judicial Review 304 1. Limitations on the Scope of Review 304 a. Agency Record 304 b. Issues Raised 305 c. Reasons for Agency Decisions 306 2. Law/Fact Standards in Scope of Review 306 a. Arbitrary or Capricious 306 b. Substantial Evidence and Reasonableness 306 3 Exception to Scope of Review -De Novo Review 307 ADVANCED STUDIES 311 PARALEGALISM IN Io ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 325 A. The Paralegal Profession 325 B. Skills Development and Practical Experience 328 1. Computer and Internet Skills 328 2. Pro Bono Work 329 3. Paralegals at Hearings 329 . The Working Paralegal 329 1. Private Sector 330 a. Jury Research 330 bT Employment Law 330 c. Foreclosures 331 d. Litigation 331 2. Government Sector 332 a. Environmental Law 333 b. International Law 334 c. Constitutional Law 334 d. Mediation 334 Case Abstract: Herrick & Smith and Mary M. M oran 335