Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog
Note: Electronic data is machine generated. May be incomplete or contain other coding.
Section 1. Introductio Section 2. Globally 2.1 Introduction: the Current Status 6 2.2 How Little is Known: the Number of Described Species and the Number Evaluated 6 2.3 How Many Threatened Animal Species are There? 10 2.3.1 Threatened Vertebrates 10 2.3.1.1 Mammals, Birds and Amphbians 10 2.3.1.2 Reptiles 19 2.3.1.3 Fishes 21 2.3.2 Threatened Invertebrates 25 2.4 How Many Threatened Plants are There? 27 2.5 Other Taxonomic Groups 31 Section 3. Extinctions i4" 3.1 Introduction 34 3.2 Current Extinctions 34 3.3 Extinct Species that Survive Ex Situ 40 3.4 What is the Rate of Extinction? 41 3.5 Which Taxonomic Groups are Most Prone to Extinction? 42 3.6 Where have Extinctions Occurred? 42 3.7 What are the Causes of Extinction? 45 3.8 Documented Extinctions over the Past 20 Years 46 Section 4. Trends in the9 * 4.1 Introduction 52 4.2 Red List Indices for Birds 1988-2004 52 4.2.1 The Red List Index for All Birds 52 4.2.2 The Red List Index for Birds by Realm and Ecosystem 53 4.2.3 The Red List Index for Birds by Family 55 4.3 Preliminary Red List Index for Amphibians 1980-2004 (Retrospectively Assessed) 56 4.3.1 Preliminary Red List Index for All Amphibians 56 4.3.2 Preliminary Red List Index for Amphibians by Realm and Ecosystem 57 4.3.3 Preliminary Red List Index for Amphibian Families 59 4.4 Comparison of Red List Indices for Birds and Amphibians 59 4.4.1 Trends in the Status of the Most Threatened Birds and Amphibians 59 4.5 Trends for Other Taxonomic Groups 61 Section 5. Geography of 5.1 Introduction 64 5.2 Mapping Species to Predetermined Geographic Units 64 5.2.1 Countries 64 5.2.2 Ecological Systems 65 5.2.3 Biogeographic Realms 66 5.2.4 Biomes 69 5.2.5 Habitats 71 5.3 Mapping Species' Extent of Occurrences 72 5.3.1 Species Richness 72 5.3.2 Restricted-Range Species 73 5.3.3 Threatened Species Richness 74 5.4 Mapping Species to the Locality Scale 80 Section 6. The Many C 6.1 Introduction 86 6.2 Habitat Destruction and Degradation 87 6.3 Over-Exploitation 90 6.4 Invasive Alien Species 92 6.5 Disease 94 6.6 Pollution and Contaminants 96 6.7 Incidental Mortality 96 6.8 Climate Change 97 6.9 Other Threats 97 6.10 Threatening Processes and Patterns of Extinction 100 6.10.1 Spatial Variation in Threats 100 6.10.2 Temporal Variation in Threats 101 6.10.3 Intrinsic Vulnerability 101 6.10.4 Extinction Filters 102 6.10.5 Extinction Lags 102 Section 7. The Social andi 7.1 Introduction 106 7.2 Human Population 106 7.2.1 Current Population Density 106 7.2.2 Population Growth 107 7.3 Economic Factors 109 Section 8. Conservation . 8.1 Introduction 112 8.2 Research Action 112 8.3 Communication and Education 116 8.4 Policy-Based Actions 118 8.5 Habitat and Site-Based Actions 121 8.6 Species-Based Actions 129 Section 9. Conclusions , 9.1 The IUCN Red List and the 2010 Target 136 9.2 How is the State of Biodiversity Changing? 136 9.3 Which Species are in Trouble? 137 9.4 Where is the Threat of Extinction Greatest? 138 9.4.1 Geopolitical Units 138 9.4.2 Ecological Systems 138 9.4.3 Areas of Species Richness 138 9.5 What are the Main Pressures? 139 9.6 Which are the Most Pressing Research Needs? 139 9.7 What Responses are in Place? 140 Section 10. References ,i