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CONTENTS Abstract ..................,..................................................................................................... iii Saim envatting ......... .................. ......................*** ****......... *.........**.................................... V Acknowledgem ents ................................................................................................... vii 1. Vegetation variation in forest-woodland-savanna mosaics .............................1 1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................1 1.2. FW S m osaics and the underlying processes ........................................... 2 1.3. Occurrence of forest-woodland-savanna mosaics ....... .... ............... 4 1.4. Selection of study area ................................................................................ 5 1.5. Budongo Forest Reserve ............................................................................6 1.6. Outline of this dissertation ...................................................................... 10 2. Mapping vegetation cover of Budongo forest - a comparison of classifiers11 Abstract ............................... ............................................................................... 1 2.1. Introduction ..............................................................................................12 2.2. M aterials and M ethods ...........................................................................13 2.3. Results ........................................................................................................19 2.4. Discussion ..................................................................................................24 3. Tree composition of a dynamic forest-woodland-savanna mosaic in Uganda: implications for conservation and management. ................................. 27 Abstract ....................................................................................................................27 3.1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 28 3.2. M aterials and m ethods ............................................................................29 3.3. Results ........................................................................................................33 3.4. Discussion ..................................................................................................41 4. Biodiversity Conservation through Burning: A Case Study of Woodlands in Budonigo Forest Reserve, NW Uganda............ ................... ........................ 47 4.1. The Budongo Forest Reserve .................................................................. 48 4.2. The m anagem ent history of Budongo forest ......................................... 48 4.3. M aterials and m ethods ............................................................................49 4.4. Results ........................................................................................................51 4.5. Discussion ..................................................................................................53 4 .6. C on clu sion s .............................. ........... ..................................................... 56 5. Relationship between vegetation cover change and species distribution dynamics ......... ............................................................................................................ 57 A b stract ................................................................................ ................................. .5 7 5.1. Introduction ......................................... ........ ....... ............. . ............. .......58 5.2. Methods and materials .................................................... ................... 59 5.3. R esu lts ....... ................................... ..... ... .............. .... ................. ..... .. 63 5.4. D iscu ssion ........................... . ....................... ............................................ 70 5.5. C onclu sion ................ ........... ...... ......................... ...................................... ..73 6. Response of different vegetation types to a similar fire regime: a comparison of vegetation types after 46 years of burning................................. 75 A bstract ............... .................... ...... .... .... .... .... .............................................................75 6.1. Introduction ...... ....... .. . ....... .......... ........ . ................................ .......... 76 6.2. M aterials and m ethods ..................................................... ......................77 6.3. R esu lts ................................. .. ........... ................ ........... ............ .... 82 6 .4 . D iscu ssion ..................................................................................................90 7. Changing forest-woodland-savanna mosaics: Synthesis and implications for conservation ................................................................................... ............ 94 7.1. Introduction ................. ...... .... ............. ...... .. .... .. ............................. 94 7.2. Vegetation cover and woody plant variation within the mosaic.......95 7.3. Changes in vegetation cover and its relationship with species composition and management .............................................................................. 97 7.4. Impact of regular fire on woody plant survival ...................................98 7.5. Fire, species composition and vegetation structure interrelationship in the study area ................... ................... ............................ ................................ .... 99 7.6. Conservation implications ..................................................................... 100 7.7. C onclu sion s ........................................................ ..................... .............. ........ 103 7.8. A reas of further research ....................................................................... 103 References ................................................................................. .................................. 106 A ppendices ................................................................................................................ 122 IT C D issertation list ............... ...................... ..................... ...................... ........ ......... .... ......... .. 133