Table of contents for Agrarian change in Tanzania / Solomon Mombeshora.

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION..... ......................................  1
Points of focus ......................................... 2
Debates on agrarian change in Tanzania: A review........  3
Population  and  settlement pattern.....................  5
Agro-economic and environmental features ...............  7

CHAPTER 2
THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND............................... 10
Bena people in pre-colonial times....................... 10
Agrarian change during the colonial period .. .......... 17
Agrarian change in Ubena after Independence ............ 23

CHAPTER 3
VILLAGE POLITICS .......................................  26
Colonial rule and the evolution of local government...... 26
Independence and villagisation              ............  28
The village administration..............................  28
The internal composition of the village administration ...29
Ten-house cell leaders..................................  32
Cadres ......  .......................................... 37
Party  associations....................................   38
The recruitment process.................................  39



The mageuzildebate and pluralist politics................ 43

CHAPTER 4
COMMUNALSECTOR................................. ..........46
Communal production in historical perspective............ 46
Villagisation in Njombe.................................. 47
The village government and communal production  ..........48
The milling project.....................................  49
The tractor project ..................... ............... 52
The village communal farm................................ 55
The coffee growing experiment...........................  55
The maize farming process................................ 57
Recent trends in Tanzanian agricultural policy........... 61

CHAPTER 5
HOUSEHOLD FARMING AND MARKET INTEGRATION.................. 62
Household farming, non-farming activities and the market.......... 62
The factors of household production : Land, 
farming tools, livestock and labour......................  63
The system  of land holding..............................  64
The economic role of livestock...........................  69
Farming tools and farm inputs............................. 69
Household developmental stage and farming................. 70
Household farming strategies.............................. 75
Land preparation.........................................  75



Ploughing, planting and fertilising .....................  76
Weeding .......................,.........................  79
Household trading strategies........... .................  84
Men's trading activities.................................  84
Women's trading activities...............................  89
Tea shops.....   ............    ......................... 90
Pottery.    ............... ............................   90
Oil production...........................................  91
Beer prodction............................................ 91
Household farming; trade and wealth differences .......... 92

CHAPTER 6
VILLAGECOOPERATIVES......................................  94
The origins of cooperatives in Njombe .................... 94
Membership and organisational structure  ................. 97
The dynamics of cooperation ........................ ..... 98
The primary society's farm project ....................... 99
The youth producer cooperative........................... 100
The carpentry producer cooperative      ................. 101
The primary cooperative society and the market .........  103
The retail shop project.................................. 103
The fertiliser project..................................  104
The crop buying project    .............................. 104



CHAPTER7
VILLAGE SOCIETY  ........................................ 107
Bena kinship system...................................... 107
The inheritance system.................................   110
Bena traditional rituals and beliefs in witchcraft  ......111
Government law on witchcraft       ...................... 113
The church's influence .................................. 117
Traditional diviners, witchcraft and the party .......... 118

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION  ............................................  122
ENDNOTES ................................................ 124
BIBLIOGRAPHY        ....... ..............................127
INDEX ..................................................  136