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Acknowledgements ............................................................ ix
Note on Transcriptions and Transliterations ................................. xi
List of Abbreviations ..................................................... xiii
List of Maps and Illustrations ............................................. xv
Preface ........ ...................................... .................. xvii
Introduction ............................................................... xxv
PART I
Chapter One The Western Indian Ocean Idyll ...................................3
1.1 Makran: 'Terra Incognita' ............................................. 4
1.2 British descriptions of 19th Century's Muscat ........................ 23
1.3 Sub-Saharan East Africa's Terminus ................................... 25
1.4 Tribes and Trade Interfaces .......................................... 29
Chapter Two The Maritime Routes to East Africa ............................ 35
2.1 Indian Merchant Communities .......................................... 36
2.2 Why Zanzibar? ........................................................ 40
2.3 Magic East African Practices ......................................... 43
2.4 Luxury Goods .......................................................... 45
2.5 Europeans in Zanzibar ................................................ 47
Chapter Three Zanzibar and Swahili Coast: Land, Power
Groups and Social Classes ................................................ 55
3.1 Swahili Origins ....................................................... 57
3.2 Swahili Urban Landscape ............................................ 66
3.3 Landed Property and Social Stratification ............................ 69
Chapter Four The Anglo-French Rivalry: The Rise of Zanzibar (1799-1810)...... 77
4.1 Sultan bin Ahmad Al Bu Sa'rdi (1792-1804): The
Father of the First Sultan of Zanzibar ............................... 82
4.2 Napoleon and the 'Intercepted Letters' .......................... .... 84
4.3 Sa'id bin Al Bu Sa'Tdi and the British
Conquest of the Ile de France/Mauritius (1810) ........................ 94
4.4 The Memoranda of J.S. Buckingham: A Portrait of
Sa'Td bin Sultan Al Bf Sa'ldi ...................................... .. 99
4.5 David Vatrin and Vincenzo Maurizi, Two Italian
Spies in the Indian Ocean? .......................................... 101
Chapter Five Slave Trade and British Abolition Policy ..................... 111
5.1 Slaves ............................................................... 116
5.2 Ivory and Spices ..................................................... 123
5.3 The Swahili Coast and the Hinterland ................................ 127
5.4 British View of Sa'id bin Sultan Al Bu Sa'idi ........................ 129
Chapter Six The Moresby Treaty (4/22 September 1822) ....................... 132
6.1 United States of America and Zanzibar ............................... 140
6.2 Sa'rd bin Sultan Al Bu Sa'ldi and Atkins Hamerton .................. 144
Conclusions ................................................................. 149
Appendix-Coins in use ...................................................... 153
Sources and Bibliography ................................................... 155
1. Archive Sources-Manuscripts .......................................... 155
2. Printed Sources ....................................... ............... 157
3. Published Primary Sources ............................................ 158
4. Secondary Sources .................................................... 163
Glossary .................................................................. 171
Notes on the Index ............................ ............................. 173
Index of Names ....................... ............................. 175
Index of Places ............. ................................................178
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Zanzibar History To 1890, Zanzibar Foreign relations, Zanzibar Commerce History 19th century