Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog.
Note: Electronic data is machine generated. May be incomplete or contain other coding.
The main themes of the report ........................................................ vi
Executive summary ....... ........................................ vii
The Impact of Globalization on the Agricultural Sectors of East
and Central African Countries ......................................... ................ .. 1
Introduction ........................................ ................ ............ 1
Historical Context ........................................................ 4
Early trade and colonialism ........................................ 4
Independence .............................................. 5
Conflict ........................................................... .......... 5
Agricultural development strategies ................................... 6
Trade agreem ents .......... .................. .............................................
Globalization: the Process of Market Integration.................................................... 9
Where does the future lie? ..... ............................. 14
The Impact of Liberalization on African Agriculture.............................................. 15
CDR findings............................................................................ 15
Farmgate prices and liberalization .................... ......15
Processing ...... ................................................................16
Input supply................................................................................ 16
Agricultural infrastructure .............................................................. 18
Farm size: the case for a mix of commercial and smallholder farms....................... 18
CTA/IITA findings.............................................. 19
Agricultural marketing infrastructure................................................................... 19
FAO findings...................................................................................................... 21
Other aspects of the impact of liberalization ......................................................... 22
Sanitary and phytosanitary measures............................................................... 23
The SPS Agreement and ECA countries........................................................... 24
Links between the liberalization process and the "Adding-up Problem" ......... 25
International Trade Agreements .......................................................................... 29
The WTO Agreement on Agriculture.................................................................. 29
Exceptions ............................................................................................................ 30
Comments on the WTO AoA .............................................................................. 31
ACP/EU agreements .............................................................................................. 32
The Lomc Convention ......................................................................................... 32
The Cotonou Agreement...................................................................................... 32
Making the Cotonou Agreement compatible with WTO rules ............................ 33
Comments on the Cotonou Agreement ................ ................................. 34
EU "Everything but Arms" measure ;. .................... ............................. 35
Other measures to increase market access for LDCs .............................................. 39
US African Growth and Opportunity Act ....................................... 39
Trade Negotiations .................................................................. 40
The capacity of ECA countries to negotiate trade agreements .............................. 40
EU/ACP trade negotiations .......................................................... 40
WTO negotiations ................................................................ 40
Agricultural Markets ................................................. 42
The various forms of market activity ................ ................................. 43
ECA commodity exchanges. ............................ ..................... 44
The "Postadjustment Agenda" ............................................. ............ 46
The international dimension of the postadjustment agenda .................................. 47
Preparation for the WTO Ministerial meeting in Doha ........................................ 49
The WTO Ministerial meeting in Doha, November 2001 .................................... 51
Domestic dimensions of the postadjustment agenda ............................................. 51
Encouraging collective farming activities ....................................... 52
Market information ................................................. 53
The role of agricultural research and development programs ................................. 54
Credit provision ................................................................ 54
Managing markets and the end of globalization .............. ................................... 55
Another analysis of globalization .......................................... 55
Priority Issues for Government and Agricultural Development Agencies .............. 56
Profiles of Individual Countries ................................................. 60
Similarities and differences in ECA countries ................................................. 60
Burundi............................................................ ... 61
Democratic Republic of Congo ................................................. 62
Eritrea ......................................................... 63
Ethiopia .................. ............. 64
Kenya ............................ ............................................................ .. ..... ..... . 65
Madagascar.. ........................................... 66
Rwanda ..................... ....................................................................................... 67
Sudan ............................................................... .......67
Tanzania ............................................................................................................... 69
Uganda ..................... .......... .......... 70
Sources and Bibliography ..................... ................... 71
Annexes .................................................................................................................. 74
I The Globalization Debate ............................................................................. 74
Globalization hurts workers........................................................................... 74
Globalization especially hurts the poor .......................................................... 74
The fallacy of composition locks in poverty................................................... 75
Globalization supports agricultural trade for the rich at the expense of the poor 76
Globalization supports militarism over civil society....................................... 77
Globalization is undemocratic ....................................................................... 77
Globalization is neutering politics ............................. ..................... 78
Globalization lacks control .................... ................ 78
The Washington Consensus is a conspiracy ........................................ 79
II Futures markets ............................... ............... 81
Hedging .................................................................. 81
Options ..... ............................... .............. 82
Using futures markets ....................................... 83
III A new initiative for supply management of primary commodities .................... 85
IV Strategies for economic and agricultural development policy ............................. 94
V Tables .................................................................................. 106
1. Economic indicators .............................. ................... 106
2. Total agricultural productions in 2000 ................................................. 107
3. Demographic trends for the 10 countries of the ECA subregion .............. 108
4. Basic agricultural statistics for the countries of the ECA subregion .......... 109
VI Production statistics (FAO) ................................................... 110
Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................ .................................. 112
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Agriculture Economic aspects Africa, East, Agriculture Economic aspects Africa, Central, Globalization Economic aspects Africa, East, Globalization Economic aspects Africa, Central