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PREFACE . .................... .. ......... ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................... xii INTRODUCTION: GREEK AMERICANS PAST AND PRESENT ........... PART ONE: THE ENDURING TRADIONS OF ORTHODOXY The Church ............................................. 9 The Seven Sacraments ............................................. 31 Baptism and Chrismation ............................................... 33 Marriage ........... ........... ..... ...........................45 Confession ..................... ........................ . 63 Communion ............................. ...................... 67 Holy Unction ... ..................................................... 71 Holy Orders ..... ............... ..........................75 Saints .................................................81 Name Days ..............................................96 Icons ............................................ . 103 The Church of the Home ............................................. 113 Special Blessings, Prayers, and Appeals ......................................... 118 Religious Breads ............................................. 123 Fasting ...... .................................................. 128 Death and Mourning ........................ ..................... 133 PART TWO: CUSTOMS OF EVERYDAY LIFE Greek-American Values ......................................... .............. 154 Birth of Children .................................... ......... 163 Selecting a Name ......... .................................... ......... 169 Greek School ............................................. 173 As the Greeks Say ............................................................ 177 Food and Drink ....... ..................................1... ..... ................... 183 Popular Music ............................. ................... 189 Folk Dancing ................ .......................................... 194 Proverbs and Sayings ............................................. 199 Superstitions ...................................................... 201 Community Life ............................................. 205 Visiting Greece ................................................................................. 219 PART THREE: FEAST DAYS, FASTS, AND HOLIDAYS Annual Calendar.......................... .........231 AUTUMN ..... .............. ................... ........232 The Nativity of the Mother God * The Exaltation of the Holy Cross * Oxi Day * Christmas Lent * The Presentation of the Mother of God in the Temple WINTER .......................... ......... 237 Christmas, New Year, and Epiphany * Feast Day of the Three Hierarchs The Presentation ofJesus Christ in the Temple SPRING . ............................. ..............257 The Easter Season: Pre-Lent * Great Lent * The Annunciation of the Mother of God and Greek Independence Day * Holy Week * Holy Pascha (Easter) * The Ascension of Jesus Christ * Pentecost SUMMER ........................................ 294 Holy Apostles Lent * Feast Day of Saints Peter and Paul * Feast Day of the Holy Apostles * Dormition of the Mother of God Lent * The Transfiguration of Jesus Christ * The Dormition of the Mother of God PART FOUR: THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY THE HISTORIC ORTHODOX CHURCH .......... 303 The Autocephalous Churches of Eastern Orthodoxy * The Fledgling Christian Church * Christianity Recognized and Defined * Expansion of Orthodoxy to the Slavic Countries * The Great Schism * The Fall of Constantinople * The Growth of Orthodoxy in Russia * Christianity Under the Ottomans * The Reformation * Russia-The Third Rome * Contemporary Updates * The Orthodox in the United States * Challenges for Orthodox Churches Worldwide * Orthodox Sites to Visit * Theological Schools * Resources * Internet Websites THE GREEK DIASPORA ...............................355 Demographics * A Long History of Greeks Abroad * The Four Largest Diaspora: United States of America, Australia, Republics of the Former Soviet Union, and Canada * Expectations and Challenges * Meeting the Challenges * Internet Websites EPILOGUE ....... ................ ......... ........ 383 APPENDIX ........... .................. . ............................. 385 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................... ...................... 387 INDEX ............ .............. ...... ............................. 393Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Greek Americans Social life and customs