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Chapter 1 : ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL Egypt 2 Furniture Forms 3 Seating 3 Tables and Beds 5 Storage 5 Materials 5 Methods 6 Greece 7 Furniture Forms 9 Revivals 10 Rome 10 Furniture Forms 10 Chapter 2 : MIDDLE AGES Pull Up a Chair and Sit on the loor 15 Chests 18 Beds 19 Seating 20 Case Pieces 23 Tables 23 Why Wasn't There More Furniture in the Middle Ages? 25 Regional Differences 26 Chapter 3 : RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE Made to Order 29 Italian Renaissance, 1450-1600 30 Furniture Forms 31 Seating 31 Storage 32 Tables, Beds, and Accessories 33 Late Renaissance 34 Italian Baroque 35 Spanish Renaissance 36 Furniture Forms 37 French Renaissance 38 Furniture Forms 42 French Baroque 43 Andre Charles Boulle (1642-1732) 44 Louis XIV Furniture 45 Dutch and Flemish Renaissance 45 Furniture Forms 49 Dutch and Flemish Baroque 50 English Renaissance, 1500-1660 50 Jacobean Furniture 53 English Baroque, 1660-1714 54 American Colonies 57 Chapter 4 : EIGHTEENTH CENTURY "Best of A11 Possible Worlds" 62 "The Best of All Possible Worlds" 63 France: Regence and Louis XV 63 Furniture 65 Louis XV Rococo 66 England: Queen Anne 71 Thomas Chippendale 72 American Colonies 82 Furniture 83 Chapter 5 : NEOCLASSICAL A eapital ldea 91 France 92 Louis XVI 92 Directoire and Empire 95 England 100 Adam 100 Hepplewhite 101 Sheraton 107 Regency 112 Germany 114 Biedermeier 114 America 115 Federal 115 Empire (Greek Revival) 116 Chapter 6 : VICTORIAN HISTORIC Revival of the ittest 120 The Expositions 125 Crystal Palace 131 Gothic Revival 132 John Henry Belter and Rococo Revival 134 Renaissance Revival 135 Art Furniture, Eastlake, and Household Taste 137 Wicker Furniture and Haywood Wakefield 141 Japonisme and Bamboo Furniture 144 Colonial Revival: Out of Ideas 144 Twentieth Century 147 Chapter 7 : VICTORIAN MODERN Paragon or paradox? 150 Modern, Modernism, and Industrialization 151 John Henry Belter 151 Industrialization and the Victorian Interior 153 Modernizing Forces 153 Patent Furniture 154 Hunzinger Chair 157 Shakers 159 Shaker Furniture 160 Shaker Design Principles 163 Shaker Tools 163 Hitchcock Chair 164 Thonet 166 Bentwood 166 Michael Thonet 167 Chapter 8 : ARTS AND CRAFTS "As 9 ean" 178 Origins in Victorian England 179 John Ruskin (1819-1900) 180 Reform 180 William Morris (1834-1896) 181 Charles Robert Ashbee (1863-1942) 184 Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo (1851-1942) 185 Mackay Hugh Baillie-Scott (1865-1945) 185 Charles Francis Annesley Voysey (1857-1941) 186 Philip Webb (1831-1915) 186 Aesthetic Movement 186 United States Arts and Crafts 188 Art Pottery 188 Stickley and the Craftsman 188 Craftsman Furniture Construction 192 Elbert Hubbard and the Roycrofters 192 Charles P. Limbert and Company 196 Architecture 199 Greene and Greene 200 Arts and Crafts as Fashion 200 Adirondack Furniture 201 Machine versus Handicraft 201 Chapter 9 : MODERN MOMENTS gndividual ]orces 206 Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959, United States) 207 Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928, Scotland) 211 Wiener Werkstatte 216 De Stijl 222 Gerrit Rietveld (1888-1964, Netherlands) 222 Chapter 10 : ART NOUVEAU AND ART DECO lew or Dja Vu? 226 Art Nouveau: New or DejaVu? 227 Siegfried Bing (1838-1905) 227 Decorative Arts 228 Furniture 229 Emile Galle (1846-1904) 231 Louis Majorelle (1859-1926) 232 American Art Nouveau 235 Art Deco: Neo Neo Classic 236 Jacques-Emile Ruhlmann (1879-1933) 239 Sie et Mare 240 Eileen Gray 241 American Art Deco 243 Donald Deskey (1894-1989, United States) 246 Paul Frankl (1887-1958; Austria, United States) 246 Chapter 11 : EUROPEAN MODERNISM ]rom auhaus to Our House 250 DeutcherWerkbund 251 Hermann Muthesius (1861-1927) 252 Henri van de Velde (1863-1957) 253 Bauhaus and Parallels 253 Pauli Blomsted (1900-1935, Finland) 255 Marcel Breuer (1902-1981; Hungary, United States) 256 Walter Gropius (1883-1969, Germany) 258 Charles Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) (1887-1965, Switzerland) 259 Pierre Jeanneret (1896-1967, Switzerland) 260 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969; Germany, United States) 260 Charlotte Perriand (1903-, France) 261 Mart Stam (1899-1986, Netherlands) 262 Tubular Steel Furniture 262 Makers of Tubular Steel Furniture 263 Thonet 263 Cox and Company 264 PEL 265 Gispen 266 Chapter 12 : INDUSTRIAL DESIGN eoming to America 270 Industrial Design 271 Egmont Arens (1888-1966, United States) 272 Alfons Bach (1904-; Germany, United States) 272 Norman Bel Geddes (1893-1958, United States) 272 Henry Dreyfuss (1904-1972, United States) 273 Lurelle Guild (1898-1986, United States) 273 Wolfgang Hoffmann (1900-1969; Austria, United States) 273 Leo Jiranek (United States) 276 Raymond Loewy (1893-1986; France, United States) 276 Gilbert Rohde (1894-1944, United States) 277 George Sakier (1897-1988, United States) 278 Joseph Sinel (1889-1975; New Zealand, United States) 278 Walter Dorwin Teague (1883-1960, United States) 278 Harold Van Doren (1895-1957, United States) 279 John Vassos (1898-?; Greece, United States) 279 Karl Emanuel Martin (Kem) Weber (1889-1963; Germany, United States) 279 Russel Wright (1904-1976, United States) 280 American Union of Decorative Artists and Craftsmen (AUDAC) 280 Society of Industrial Designers (SID) 284 American Tubular Steel and Aluminum Furniture 285 Lloyd Manufacturing 285 Troy Sunshade 285 Aluminum Furniture 286 Warren McArthur (1885-1961) 287 Chapter 13 : POSTWAR MODERN Designed and Signed 290 Scandinavia 292 Furniture Designers 295 Alvar Aalto (1898-1976, Finland) 295 Eero Aarnio (born 1932, Finland) 297 Harry Bertoia (1915-1978; Italy, United States) 297 Robin Day (born 1915, England) 300 Charles Ormand Eames (1907-1978, United States) 300 Ray Kaiser Eames (1912-1988, United States) 304 Geoffrey Harcourt (born 1935, England) 304 Irving Harper (born 1916, United States) 304 Arne Jacobsen (1902-1971, Denmark) 305 Finn Juhl (1912-1989, Denmark) 306 Vladimir Kagan (born 1927; Germany, United States) 307 Poul Kjaerholm (1929-1980, Denmark) 307 Florence Schust Knoll (Bassett) (born 1917, United States) 308 Hans Knoll (1914-1955; Germany, United States) 309 Paul Lazl6 (1900-1993, Hungary) 309 Bruno Mathsson (1907-1988, Sweden) 309 Roberto Sebastian Matta (born 1911, Chile) 309 Paul McCobb (1917-1969, United States) 310 George Nakashima (1905-1990; Japan, United States) 311 George Nelson (1908-1986, United States) 311 Isamu Noguchi (1904-1988, United States) 314 Verner Panton (born 1926; Denmark, Switzerland) 315 Pierre Paulin (born 1927, France) 316 Warren Platner (born 1919, United States) 317 Gio Ponti (1897-1979, Italy) 317 Ernest Race (1913-1964, England) 318 Jens Risom (born 1916; Denmark, United States) 319 Terrance Harold (T. H.) Robsjohn-Gibbings (1905-1976; England, United States) 319 Eero Saarinen (1910-1961; Finland, United States) 320 Carlo Scarpa (1906-1978, Italy) 321 Richard Schultz (born 1926, United States) 322 Hans Wegner (born 1914, Denmark) 322 Edward J. Wormley (1907-1995, United States) 323 Russel Wright (1904-1976, United States) 325 Sori Yanagi (born 1915, Japan) 325 Companies 326 Artek OY (Finland) 326 Artifort (Netherlands) 327 Cassina (Italy) 327 Dunbar Furniture Corp. (United States) 327 Charles and Ray Eames (Offices of) (United States) 327 Evans Products Co., Molded Plywood Division (United States) 328 Fritz Hansen Furniture (Denmark) 328 Herman Miller (United States) 328 Heywood-Wakefield (United States) 329 Knoll (United States) 330 Laverne Originals (United States) 330 Nessen Studios (United States) 331 Chapter 14 : THE OFFICE Nine to ive 333 Early Office Innovations 334 Steelcase 336 Frank Lloyd Wright and the Office 339 Taylor Chair 342 Early Office 345 Systems 350 Herman Miller's Action Office 350 Plagiarism 354 Post-Systems 354 Chapter 15 : A ROUND 2000 Jull Circle 364 The Lull After the Storm 365 Alternatives and Problems of Design 365 Modern Classic Revival 366 Alternative Styles 367 Designers 368 Ron Arad (born 1951, Israel) 369 Michele De Lucci (born 1951, Italy) 369 Frank O. Gehry (born 1930, Canada) 371 Shiro Kuramata (1934-1991, Japan) 372 Vico Magistretti (born 1920, Italy) 373 Jorge Pensi (born 1949, Argentina) 373 Gaetano Pesce (born 1939, Italy) 374 Peter Shire (born 1947, United States) 375 Ettore Sottsass (born 1917, Italy) 376 Philippe Starck (born 1949, France) 376 Massimo Vignelli (born 1931, Italy) 377 Contract versus Residential 378 Glossary 389 Bibliography 401 Index 409