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Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction: Messianism within the Book of Isaiah as a Whole 1-18 I. Definition of Messianism 2-7 II. Strategy For This Investigation 7-16 III. Rationale for Selecting Messianic Passages in Isaiah 16-18 Chapter 2 Cyrus: YHWH's Anointed 19-49 Introduction 19 I. Cyrus Within Pre-biblical Traditions 19-36 A. Scholarly Efforts to Reconstruct the Pre- biblicalTraditions around Cyrus 19-32 1. Perspectives That Reject Cyrus as Messiah 19-26 2. Perspectives That Portray Cyrus as Messiah 26-32 B. Rethinking the Evidence 32-36 II. Isa. 45:1 within the Book of Isaiah As A Whole 36- 49 A. Efforts to Describe Cyrus and the Former Things in the Book as 36-42 a Whole B. Rethinking the Evidence 42-47 C. Cyrus' Role within Other Biblical Books as Compared with the 47-48 Book of Isaiah Conclusion 48-49 Chapter 3 Messianic Interpretation in Isa. 7:14, 9:1-6 and 11:1- 9 50-181 Introduction 50-52 I. Isa. 7:14, 9:1-6 and 11:1-9 as Pre-biblical Traditions 52- A. Non-messianic Assessments 52-66 1. Perspectives That Interpret the Pre-biblical Traditions of 52-57 Isa. 7:14 as Non-messianic 2. Perspectives That Interpret the Pre-biblical traditions of 57-58 Isa. 9:1-6 (NRSV, 9:2-7] as Non-Messianic 3. Perspectives That Interpret all three Pre-biblical Traditions 58-66 as Non-messianic B. Messianic Assessments 66-82 1. Perspectives That Interpret the pre-biblical traditions of Isa. 9:1-6 as Messianic 66-68 2. Perspectives That Interpret Isa. 9:1-9:6 and 11:1-9 as Messianic 68-69 3. Perspectives That Interpret Only Isa. 11:1-9 as Messianic 69-70 4. Perspectives That Interpret All Three Pre- biblical Traditions 70-80 as Messianic C. Rethinking the Evidence 80-82 II. Interpretation within the Biblical Scroll of Isaiah 82- 182 A. Non-messianic Assessments of the Biblical Testimony 82-84 1. Perspectives that Interpret the Biblical Testimony of Isa. 7:14 82-83 as Non-messianic 2. Perspectives that Regard All Three Biblical Testimonies as Non-messianic 83-84 B. Messianic Assessments of the Biblical Testimony 84- 1. Perspectives that interpret only the Biblical Testimony of Isa. 11:1-5 as Messianic 84 2. Perspective that interpret the Biblical Testimony of Isa. 9:1-6 and 11:1-5 as Messianic 84-85 3. Perspectives that Regard all Three Biblical Testimonies as Messianic 85-106 4. Perspectives That Interpret the Biblical Isa. 7:14 through Typological Interpretation 106-108 C. A Few Pre-modern Examples 108- 1. Targum 108-110 2. Ibn Ezra (arz[ !ba) 110-111 3. Luther 112-113 4. Calvin 113-116 III. Rethinking the Evidence 116- A. Problems Raised by Theories of Multiple Redactions 116- 121 B. Isa. 7:14 in the Context of the Scriptural Scroll of Isaiah 121-136 C. Isa. 9:1-6 in Relation to the "Former"and "Latter Things in Isaiah 40-66 136- 156 D. Isa. 11:1-9 in the Context of The Biblical Scroll of Isaiah 156-181 Conclusion 181-182 Chapter 4 The Suffering Servant (Isa. 52:13-53:12) 183- 310 Introduction 183- 185 I. Isa. 52:13-53:12 within Pre-biblical Traditions 185- 211 A. Non-messianic Assessments 185-204 1. Views that Interpret the Servant as Israel 185-191 2. Views that Interpret The Servant as an Individual Distinct 191-193 from Israel 3. Views that Interpret the Servant in Light of the Tammuz Myth 193-194 4. Views that Compare The Servant With Moses 194-195 5. Views that Interpret the Servant in Relation to Cyrus 195-197 6. Views that Interpret the Servant as An Israelite King 197-198 7. Views that Interpret The Servant as The Prophet 198- 202 Second Isaiah 8. Views that Appeal To Figurative Usages Or Spiritual Senses 202-204 B. Messianic Assessments 204-211 II. Interpretation within the Biblical Scroll of Isaiah 211-236 A. Non-messianic Assessments of the Biblical Testimony 211-212 B. Messianic Assessments of the Biblical Testimony 212- 227 1. Approaches That View Isa. 52:13-53:12 as Messianic Prophecy 212-223 2. Perspectives That Interpret Through Typological Interpretation 223-224 3. A Few Reflections of New Testament Scholarship 224-227 C. A Few Pre-modern Examples 227-236 1. Non-messianic Assessments 227-230 2. Messianic Assessments 230-236 III. Rethinking the Evidence 236-310 A. Isa. 52:13-53:12 within Biblical Prophecy 236- 239 B. The Clarity of Isa. 52:13-53-12 239-302 1. The Servant Israel And The Individual Servant 239- 246 2. The Clarity of the Servant's Exaltation 246- 252 3. The Clarity of The Servant's Intercession and Substitutionary 252-298 Atonement 4. Similarities and Differences Between the Servant and the 297-302 Davidic Messiah C. Messianic Interpretation and Functional Ambiguity 302- 310 1. Functional Ambiguity 302-305 2. New Testament Citations of Isa. 52:13-53-12 305- 308 3. The Servant and Cyrus 308-309 Conclusion 309-310 Chapter 5 "The Spirit of YHWH is Upon Me" (Isa. 61:1-3) 311- 365 Introduction 311 I. Isa. 61:1-3 within Pre-biblical Traditions 311-330 A. Non-messianic Assessments 311-324 B. Messianic Assessments 324-329 C. Rethinking the Evidence 329-330 II. Interpretation within the Biblical Scroll of Isaiah 330-365 A. Non-messianic Assessments of the Biblical Testimony 330-337 B. Messianic Assessments of the Biblical Testimony 337- 349 1. Modern Approaches 337-342 2. Perspectives That Interpret Isa. 61:1-3 Through Typological 342-343 Interpretation 3. A Few Reflections From New Testament Scholarship 343-347 4. A Few Pre-modern Examples 347-349 C. Rethinking the Evidence 349-365 Chapter 6 Summary and Conclusions 366-399 I. Review of Findings 366-369 A. Post-exilic Editing 367 B. Functional Ambiguity 367-368 C. Eschatological Features and Messianic Interpretation 368-369 II. Other Isaianic Passages Not Treated 369-371 III. The Terms Messiah or Messianic and the Implications for 371-372 Our Study IV. Biblical Prophecy and its Implications for Messianism 372-380 V. Citations From Isaiah in Early Judaism and Christianity 380-395 A. A Few Citations of Isaiah in Pseudepigraphical and Other Jewish 381-385 Literature B. The Targum 385-386 C. Qumran Literature 386-387 D. New Testament Citations 388-395 VI. The Literal Sense of Christian Scripture 395- 399 Bibliography 400-453
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Bible. O.T. Isaiah -- Canonical criticism.
Messiah.