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BRIEF CONTENTS Preface xi Acknowledgments of Reviewers and Contributors xv Key Features xix 1 Sampling and Descriptive Statistics 1 2 Probability 50 3 Propagation of Error 157 4 Commonly Used Distributions 192 5 Confidence Intervals 300 6 Hypothesis Testing 368 7 Correlation and Simple Linear Regression 475 8 Multiple Regression 556 9 Factorial Experiments 623 10 Statistical Quality Control 723 Appendix A: Tables 763 Appendix B: Partial Derivatives 787 Appendix C: Bibliography 789 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises 792 Index 859 CONTENTS Preface xi Acknowledgments of Reviewers and Contributors xv Key Features xix Chapter 1 Sampling and Descriptive Statistics 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Sampling 3 1.2 Summary Statistics 13 1.3 Graphical Summaries 25 Chapter 2 Probability 50 Introduction 50 2.1 Basic Ideas 50 2.2 Counting Methods (Optional) 62 2.3 Conditional Probability and Independence 69 2.4 Random Variables 88 2.5 Linear Functions of Random Variables 111 2.6 Jointly Distributed Random Variables (Optional) 120 Chapter 3 Propagation of Error 157 Introduction 157 3.1 Measurement Error 157 3.2 Linear Combinations of Measurements 163 3.3 Uncertainties for Functions of One Measurement 173 3.4 Uncertainties for Functions of Several Measurements 179 Chapter 4 Commonly Used Distributions 192 Introduction 192 4.1 The Bernoulli Distribution 192 4.2 The Binomial Distribution 195 4.3 The Poisson Distribution 206 4.4 Some Other Discrete Distributions 220 4.5 The Normal Distribution 231 4.6 The Lognormal Distribution 244 4.7 The Exponential Distribution 250 4.8 The Gamma and Weibull Distributions 259 4.9 Probability Plots 265 4.10 The Central Limit Theorem 270 4.11 Simulation 281 Chapter 5 Introduction 300 5.1 Large-Sample Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean 301 5.2 Confidence Intervals for Proportions 315 5.3 Small-Sample Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean 321 5.4 Confidence Intervals for the Difference Between Two Means 331 5.5 Confidence Intervals for the Difference Between Two Proportions 335 5.6 Small-Sample Confidence Intervals for the Difference Between Two Means 339 5.7 Confidence Intervals with Paired Data 346 5.8 Using Simulation to Construct Confidence Intervals 351 Chapter 6 Hypothesis Testing 368 Introduction 368 6.1 Large-Sample Tests for a Population Mean 368 6.2 Drawing Conclusions from the Results of Hypothesis Tests 377 6.3 Tests for a Population Proportion 385 6.4 Small-Sample Tests for a Population Mean 390 6.5 Large-Sample Tests for the Difference Between Two Means 395 6.6 Tests for the Difference Between 401 6.7 Small-Sample Tests for the Difference Between Two Means 407 6.8 Tests with Paired Data 415 6.9 Distribution-Free Tests 420 6.10 The Chi-Square Test 429 6.11 The F Test for Equality of Variance 439 6.12 Fixed-Level Testing 443 6.13 Power 449 6.14 Multiple Tests 458 6.15 Using Simulation to Perform Hypothesis Tests 462 Chapter 7 Correlation and Simple Linear Regression 475 Introduction 475 7.1 Correlation 475 7.2 The Least-Squares Line 492 7.3 Uncertainties in the Least-Squares Coefficients 508 7.4 Checking Assumptions and Transforming Data 527 Chapter 8 Multiple Regression 556 Introduction 556 8.1 The Multiple Regression Model 556 8.2 Confounding and Collinearity 574 8.3 Model Selection 583 Chapter 9 Factorial Experiments 623 Two Proportions Introduction 623 9.1 One-Factor Experiments 623 9.2 Pairwise Comparisons in One-Factor Experiments 646 9.3 Two-Factor Experiments 659 9.4 Randomized Complete Block Designs 683 9.5 2p Factorial Experiments 693 Chapter 10 Statistical Quality Control 723 Introduction 723 10.1 Basic Ideas 723 10.2 Control Charts for Variables 726 10.3 Control Charts for Attributes 746 10.4 The CUSUM chart 751 10.5 Process Capability 755 Appendix A: Tables 763 Appendix B: Partial Derivatives 787 Appendix C: Bibliography 789 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises 792 Index 859
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Mathematical statistics -- Simulation methods.
Bootstrap (Statistics).
Linear models (Statistics).