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CONTENTS Chapter 1 DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPING ECONOMIS AND MULTILATERAL TRADE REGIME 1. Introduction 2. Global Commitment to Economic Growth 2.1 Moral Imperative and Developmental Rationale 3. Macroeconomic Policy and the Trade-Growth Nexus 3.1 Evaluating the Nexus 3.2 Theoretical Improvements in Research 3.3 Policy Preference for Outward-Orientation despite Disagreements 4. Contemporary Multilateral Trade Regime 4.1 Ministerial Conferences 4.2 Joys and Woes 5. From the GATT to the WTO 5.1 Uniqueness of the WTO 5.2 Expanding Institutional Popularity 6. Multilateral Trade Discipline Improving Macroeconomic Performance 6. Persistent Evolutionary Endeavors 6.1 Variation in Coverage of Different Rounds 6.2 Three Larger and More Significant GATT Rounds 7. Persistent Evolutionary Endeavors 7.1 Variation in Coverage of Different Rounds 7.2 Three Larger and More Significant GATT Rounds 8. Unbalanced Evolution of the Multilateral Trade Regime 8.1 Growing Intricacy and Complexity 9. Development Relevance of the Multilateral Trade Regime 9.1 Developing Country Status 9.2 Cost of Non-Participation 9.3 Developing Economies as Traders of Significance 9.4 Successful Exporters of Manufactures 10. Transforming Global Economic and Trade Scenario 11. The Doha Round and Global Poverty Alleviation 11.1 Indirect Linkage between Poverty Alleviation and Trade 11.2 Principal Channels 11.3 Estimating the Impact of Trade Reforms 12. Summary and Conclusions Chapter 2 NECESSITY FOR A DEVELOPMENT ROUND 1. Introduction 2. Systemic Evolution: Participation by the Developing Economies 2.1 Accelerating Participation of the Developing Economies 2.2 Ineffectual Group-of-Ten Leadership 2.3 Was the Uruguay Round a Landmark? 2.4 Hangover of the Uruguay Round 3. Tinkering with the Evolution: Righting the Wrongs of History 3.1 Breakthrough in Doha: Launching a New Round of MTNs 3.2 Three-Pronged Challenge 3.3 Wide-ranging Agenda Space 3.4 A Developmental Round: Abiding by the Basic Principles 4. Rebalancing the Country Groups and the Multilateral Trade Regime 4.1 Integrating Goods Markets 4.2 Striking a Balance in Modality 5. Evolutionary Process: Do We Need a Course Correction? 5.1 Rebalancing the WTO Architecture 5.2 Skewing the Benefits of the Doha Round 5.3 Broad Aspects of Tariff Slashing Modalities 5.4 Tariff Slashing Modality in the Doha Round 6. Areas of Specific Focus for Redressing the Imbalances 7. Liberalization of Trade in Services 7.1 Development Implications of Trade in Services 7.2 Plausible Welfare Gains 7.3 Rationale Behind Sluggish Trade Liberalization 8. Summary and Conclusions Chapter 3 SPECIAL TREATMENT AND POLICY SPACE FOR THE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES IN THE MULTILATERAL TRADE REGIME 1. Introduction 2. Special and Differential Treatment 2.1 Intellectual Foundation of the Special and Differential Treatment 2.2 Enabling Clause 2.3 Discriminatory System of Preferential Market Access 3. Meager Benefits of Special and Different Treatment 4. Hierarchies of Beneficiaries and Preferential Market Access 5. Small Developing Countries in the Multilateral Trade Regime 5.1 Evolution of a Pro-Development Stance 5.2 Liberalization and Integration Endeavors 6. Special and Differential Treatment in the Doha Round 6.1 Official Commitments to Special and Differential Treatment 6.2 Refining and Strengthening the Special and Differential Treatment 7. Erosion of Non-Reciprocal Preferences 8. Enhancing Development Relevance of the WTO 8.1 Designing Development Supportive Policy Space 9. Checks and Balances for a Development Round 9.1 Economic Analysis of the Impact 9.2 Fairness of an Agreement is a Problematic Concept 10. MFN-Based Liberalization: A Possible Doha Round Innovation 11. Intra-Developing Country Trade and the Doha Round 12. Summary and Conclusions Chapter 4 THE FIFTH MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE: THE WHEELS COME OFF AT CANCòN 1. Introduction 2. Was the Canc¿n Ministerial Conference Foredoomed? 2.1 Probable Candidates for Loss from Failure 3. Divergences and Difficulties in the Fifth Ministerial Conference 3.1 Seed of Failure 3.2 Movements towards Partial Agreements: Light at the End of the Tunnel 4. Participation of Developing Economies in Canc¿n Ministerial Conference 4.1 Several Firsts 5. Causal Factors behind Setback in Canc¿n 5.1 Negotiations on Singapore Issues 5.2 Negotiations on Agriculture 5.3 Inapt Conference Management 6. Best Thing about a Failure 7. Summary and Conclusions Chapter 5 ENTER THE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: TRANSFORMING LANDSCAPE OF THE MULTILATERAL TRADE REGIME 1. Introduction 2. Tradition of Inertia and Passivity 2.1 Shedding the Tradition and Switching the Growth Trajectory 2.2 Initial Deficit in Savoir-Faire 3. Participation of the Developing Economies after the Birth of the WTO 3.1 Flagging Enthusiasm for Participation 3.2 Improving the Preparations for MTNs 4. Scarcity of Negotiation Scholarship 4.1 Rare Pearls of Wisdom 5. Like-Minded Group: Seeking Strength in a Small Alliance 5.1 Changing Status 5.2 Dynamics of a Small Group 5.3 Distributive Strategy Followed by the Like-Minded Group 5.4 Death Knell for the LMG 6. Genesis of the Group-of-Twenty: An Impromptu Reaction 6.1 Collusive Action on Dissenting Text 6.2 New Player with Negotiating Weight 7. Complete Stagnation in the Doha Round 8. Salvaging the Doha Round 8.1 Retreat from Intransigence 8.2 Formulating the July Framework Agreement 8.3 New Negotiations Dynamics 8.4 Putting the Doha Round Back on the Tracks 9. Can the Doha Round of MTNs Benefit the Developing Economies? 9.1 Enhancing Competitiveness of the EMEs 9.2 Disparity in Trade Expansion and Benefits 9.3 Benefits from Liberalization in Agriculture 9.4 Rectifying Anomalies 10. Summary and Conclusions Chapter 6 THE SIXTH MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE: LEAN HONG KONG HARVEST 1. Introduction 2. Preparatory Phase: Case of Two Adverse Rulings 2.1 Defining Success as Lack of Failure 2.2 Achieving a low-Level Equilibrium 3. Principal Stumbling Blocs 3.1 New Geography of Negotiations 4. How Lean Was the Lean Harvest? 4.1 Minimal Package 4.2 Meager Real Value of the Inadequate Achievement 5. Services in the Hong Kong Ministerial 6. Skillful Conference Management 7. Emergence of a New Quad Leadership 8. Summary and Conclusions Chapter 7 THE DOHA ROUND: A DISENCHANTING EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS 1. Introduction 2. Promoting the Global Public Good 3. What is beyond Mercantilism? 3.1 Simplicity of Reciprocal Tariff Slashing 3.2 Wide Diversity in Objectives 3.3 Domestic Polity Considerations 3.4 Active Role of NGOs 4. Post-Hong Kong Developments 4.1 Deliberations in Mini-Ministerial in Davos 4.2 Missed April Deadline 4.3 Reneging on Promises: Disillusioning Evolutionary Process 4.4 Disarray in the Geneva Mini-Ministerial 5. Prospects of Failure Closing In 5.1 Accusation of Let-down 5.2 Possible Way Out of the Stagnation 6. State of Play in Negotiations 6.1 Quagmire around Agriculture 6.2 Non-Agricultural Market Access 6.3 Development Dimension 6.4 Aid for Trade 6.5 Reforming the Rulebook 7. Status of Negotiations in Trade in Services 3.1 Long Standing Stagnation 3.2 Two Essential Objectives 3.3 Services Suppliers under Mode-4 8. Art of the Possible 9. Commitment by the G-8 10. Summary and Conclusions </CH>
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Free trade.
International trade.
Foreign trade regulation.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization).
World Trade Organization.
Uruguay Round (1987-1994).
Globalization -- Economic aspects.
International economic relations.