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Contents Table of Cases 000 Table of Legislation 000 1. Introduction 1 2. Rights 4 A. Defined 4 B. Against the Rest of the World 5 C. Public Rights 8 D. Undertakings 9 E. Reliance 14 F. Family Rights 15 G. Correlative Rights 15 H. Statutory Rights 16 I. Waiver 17 3. Loss 20 A. Economic Loss 20 1. Policy Arguments 20 2. Intentionally Caused 21 3. Negligently Caused 23 4. Consequential Loss and Rights Against the Rest of the World 25 5. The Divisibility of Property Rights 26 6. Expenditure to Avoid Injury 30 7. Consequential Loss and Public Rights 32 8. Consequential Loss and Undertakings 33 9. Consequential Loss and Other Rights 37 10. Joint Ventures 39 11. Vulnerability 40 12. Conclusion 42 B. Lost Chances and Increased Risks 43 1. Pure Lost Chances and Increased Risks 43 2. Consequential Increased Risks and Lost Chances 45 3. Quantification 51 C. Emotional Distress and Physical Discomfort 52 D. Psychiatric Illness 54 4. Remedies 57 A. Specific 57 B. Substitutive Damages 59 1. General Principles 59 2. Specific Torts 62 3. Conversion of Goods 63 4. Use of Land 67 5. Timing 69 6. Breach of Contract 70 7. Liability for Negligence 72 8. Personal Injuries 74 9. Birth 75 10. Quantification 78 11. Restitutionary Damages 79 12. Nominal Damages 84 13. Punitive Damages 85 14. Per se or not per se? 88 5. Fault 92 A. Economists 92 B. Moralists 97 C. Scope of Rights 98 D. Intentional Conduct 100 E. Qualified Privilege 102 F. Unintentional Conduct 107 1. Normal Risks 107 2. Abnormal Risks 111 G. Statutory Rights 113 H. Undertakings 114 1. Duties that care will be taken of another and duties to take personal care 114 2. Bailees 115 3. Employment 116 4. Hospitals 117 5. Occupiers 119 6. Carriers 120 7. Landlords 121 8. Assumed Duties Generally? 121 I. Lower Standards of Care 124 J. Contributory Fault 124 K. Contribution Claims 127 6. Causation 129 A. Two Problems 129 B. Over-determination 133 1. Rights 133 2. Damages 137 C. Evidentiary Gaps 144 7. Remoteness 152 A. Scope of Liability for Wrongdoing 152 1. Fault and Causation Distinguished 152 2. Substitutive Damages 152 3. Consequential Losses 158 B. Coincidental Loss 163 C. Purpose of the Right 167 D. Intervening Conduct of the Claimant 170 E. Intervening Conduct of Third Parties 170 8. Privity 173 A. General Principles 173 B. Fatal Wrongs 174 C. Contract 176 1. Disappointed Legatees 176 2. Contractual Chains 182 D. Latent Damage 184 E. Congenital Disabilities 185 F. Public Nuisance 186 G. Unlawful Means 188 H. Damages on Behalf of Another 191 1. General principles 191 2. Money Benefits 192 3. Non-Money Benefits 194 9. Concurrence 199 A. General Principles 199 B. Contributory Fault 204 C. Remoteness 206 D. Occupiers 208 1. Differentiating the Rights 208 2. Trespassers 210 3. Visitors 213 4. Right of way 215 10. State 218 A. General Principles 218 B. Powers 221 C. Duties 222 D. Privileges 225 E. Red Herrings 228 1. The Policy/Operational Divide 228 2. Intra Vires 230 3. Ultra Vires 231 4. 'General' Reliance 231 5. Policy Arguments 233 6. Fault Can Do the job 235 F. The Human Rights Act 1998 236 G. Misfeasance in a Public Office 242 11. Attribution 244 A. The Problem 244 B. Joint Torts 245 1. Defined 245 2. Authorization 246 3. Ratification 248 4. Conspiring 248 5. Procuring 253 6. What is Attributed? 254 7. Knowledge 255 8. Accessory Liability? 256 C. Vicarious Liability 257 1. Policy 257 2. What is Attributed? 259 3. Justification 267 4. The Necessary Relationship 268 5. In the course of Employment 270 12. Accessories 275 A. Law 275 B. Equity 281 13. Classification 284 A. Torts Within the Law 284 B. Within the Law of Torts 291 C. How Did We Get Here? 300 D. How to Write a Torts Textbook 303 14. Policy 306 A. Justiciability 306 B. Judges 312 C. Incrementalism 315 15. Justice 320 A. Functions 320 1. Compensation 320 2. Deterrence 321 3. Other Goals? 323 B. Reform? 323 C. Corrective, Distributive, and Commutative 326 D. Why Do We Have the Rights We Do? 329 E. Why Don't We Have the Rights We Don't? 337 16. Conclusion 341 A. Civil Law 341 1. France 342 2. Germany 345 B. Apologia 348
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Torts -- England.
Torts.