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Contents Foreword by Sally Morris and Robert Campbell oo Preface oo Chapter 1: Introduction 00 What should peer review do? 00 What does peer review assume? 00 What is this book trying to achieve? 00 Chapter 2: The peer-review process -- how to get going 00 The basic process 00 The people involved in running the peer-review process 00 Office organization 00 Choice of system and procedures 00 Record keeping 00 Systems available 00 Chapter 3: Manuscript submission and initial checks on completeness and suitability 00 Submission guidance to authors 00 Journal scope and editorial policy 00 Manuscript presentation 00 Manuscript submission 00 Checking and logging of submitted manuscripts 00 Transfer to editor 00 Initial assessment of suitability and rejection without external review 00 Manuscripts with language problems 00 Chapter 4: The full review process 00 Identifying and selecting appropriate reviewers 00 Reviewer information 00 How to go about identifying and selecting reviewers 00 Finding reviewers 00 To invite or not? 00 Inviting reviewers 00 Responses to invitations to review 00 Getting the manuscript and associated material to reviewers 00 Information reviewers will require 00 Associated material needed by reviewers 00 Monitoring review progress 00 Reminding and chasing reviewers 00 Problems during review 00 Reviewers not returning reviews 00 Receiving and checking of returned reviews 00 Checking of reviews 00 The ethics of amending reviewer reports for authors 00 The ?ideal? report 00 Back-to-back manuscripts 00 Dealing with enquiries on manuscript status 00 Chapter 5: The decision-making process for reviewed manuscripts 00 The organizational structure for decision making 00 The decision-making process 00 Divided opinions from reviewers 00 The decisions that can be made 00 Checks to be made before communicating decisions to authors 00 Communicating the decision to the authors 00 Rebuttals and appeals from authors 00 Dealing with revisions 00 Dealing with resubmissions 00 Problems with resubmissions 00 Acceptance 00 Decision making to consistent standards and the problem of availability of space 00 Special considerations in decision making: dual-use research and the possible misuse of information 00 Chapter 6: Moving to online submission and review 00 How do you choose an online system? 00 How to prepare to move to online working 00 Evaluation of current workflow and responsibilities 00 Specification design for the journal 00 Questions and text options on the site 00 Preparation of editorial correspondence for the online site 00 Health and safety issues 00 Training and support 00 Data transfer 00 The launch and transition period 00 What to expect after going live online 00 Impact on submission numbers 00 Impact on the quality of submissions 00 Impact on the geographical origin of submissions 00 Impact on reviewing and administration times 00 Problems that may be encountered and how to deal with them 00 Online systems are never closed 00 Users will grumble 00 Users needing extra support 00 Editors not using the online system properly 00 The need to work ?offline? occasionally 00 Users not using the online system to communicate or not mounting all relevant information 00 Responses from reviewers 00 Reviews submitted for the wrong manuscript or comments in the wrong place, and editors submitting the wrong documents or working on the wrong manuscript screen 00 Other editors or people not associated with a manuscript needing to see material 00 Submissions from the editor-in-chief 00 Reviewers requesting hard copy and/or refusing to work online 00 Users adding other people?s email addresses to their own accounts 00 A final note 00 Chapter 7: Reviewers -- a precious resource 00 Thanks and feedback to reviewers 00 Reviewer training 00 Ways to recompense reviewers 00 How to develop and maintain reviewer loyalty 00 Recognition of peer review as an accredited professional activity 00 Chapter 8: The obligations and responsibilities of the people involved in peer review 00 Authors -- their obligations and responsibilities 00 To act honestly 00 To choose the most appropriate journal 00 To make sure manuscripts are well presented, contain nothing inappropriate and are submitted correctly 00 To deal appropriately with all authorship issues 00 Editors -- their obligations and responsibilities 00 General responsibilities 00 Responsibilities to authors 00 Responsibilities to reviewers 00 Responsibilities to readers 00 Reviewers -- their obligations and responsibilities 00 Editorial office staff -- their obligations and responsibilities 00 Conflicts of interest -- what they are and how to deal with them 00 What are conflicts of interest? 00 How should conflicts of interest be handled? 00 Moral dilemmas 00 Political or human rights issues 00 Authors accused of criminal offences 00 Refusals by publishers to publish articles 00 Inability to complete review of a manuscript 00 Chapter 9: Misconduct in scientific research and publishing -- what it is and how to deal with it 00 What types of misconduct can occur? 00 Author misconduct 00 Reviewer misconduct 00 Editor misconduct 00 How should cases of alleged or suspected misconduct be handled? 00 Where can you turn for help? 00 The publisher 00 Professional bodies 00 Scholarly publishing organizations 00 The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) 00 The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) 00 International Committees for Scientific Misconduct 00 Funding agencies 00 What sanctions can be imposed as a penalty for misconduct? 00 Authors found guilty of misconduct 00 Reviewers found guilty of misconduct 00 Editors found guilty of misconduct 00 Correcting the literature 00 Notification of an error 00 Expression of concern 00 Retraction of an article 00 Removal of an article 00 Replacement of an article 00 Dubious or fraudulent data remaining in the literature 00 The future 00 Appendices Appendix I The Golden Rules and the Peer-Review Good Practice Checklist 00 Appendix II Examples of checklists, forms, guidance for reviewers and editorial letters 00 Appendix III Useful websites 00 Appendix IV Alternative models of peer review 00 Index 00
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Scientific literature -- Evaluation.
Science -- Periodicals -- Evaluation.
Technical writing -- Evaluation -- Analysis.
Peer review.
Science -- United States -- Information services.