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CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 2. National Assessments of Student Achievement 7 What are the main elements in a national assessment? 11 How does a national assessment differ from public examinations? 14 3. Why Carry Out a National Assessment? 16 4. Decisions in a National Assessment 21 Who should give policy guidance for the national assessment? 21 Who should carry out the national assessment? 23 Who will administer the tests and questionnaires? 26 What population will be assessed? 27 Will a whole population or sample be assessed? 30 What will be assessed? 32 How will achievement be assessed? 37 How frequently will assessments be carried out? 42 How should student achievement be reported? 43 What kinds of statistical analysis should be carried out? 45 How should the results of a national assessment be communicated and used? 46 What are the cost components of a national assessment? 48 Summary of decisions 51 5. Issues in the Design, Implementation, Analysis, and Reporting of a National Assessment 52 Design 52 Implementation 53 Analysis 56 Report Writing 58 Dissemination and use of findings 59 6. International Assessments of Student Achievement 60 Growth in international assessment activity 62 Advantages of international assessments 64 Problems with international assessments 69 7. Conclusion 75 Appendices A Country Case Studies 83 A1 India 84 A2 Vietnam 86 A3 Uruguay 89 A4 South Africa 92 A5 Sri Lanka 95 A6 Nepal 97 A7 Chile 99 A8 United States of America 102 A9 Uganda 105 B International Studies 109 B1 Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 110 B2 Progress in International Literacy Study (PIRLS) 116 B3 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 121 C Regional Studies 130 C1 Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) 131 C2 Programme d¿Analyse des Systèmes Éducatifs de la CONFEMEN (PASEC) 141 C3 Laboratorio Latinamericano de Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación (Comparative Study of the Latin American Laboratory for Evaluation of the Quality of Education) (LLECE). 146 References 152
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Educational tests and measurements.
Educational evaluation.