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Contents Contents v Acknowledgments ix Acknowledgments for the English Translation x Introduction 1 What Is, and To What End DoWe Study, Literary Theory? 1 Literary Theory and Classics 4 Objections Raised against Literary Theory 6 How to UseThis Book 11 Introductions to Literary Theory 13 1 Russian Formalism 17 The Question of Literariness 19 Roman Jakobson?sModel of Linguistic Communication 21 Poetic Language as Defamiliarization 23 Further Reading 25 2 Structuralism 27 The Founder of Structuralism: Ferdinand de Saussure 28 Saussure?s Definition of the Linguistic Sign 30 TheMeaning of Differences 31 Structuralism and Subject 34 Structural Anthropology 35 Is Structuralist Interpretation Possible? 39 Structuralist Definitions of Literary Genres 41 Further Reading 43 "translation" - 2007/03/16 - 13:03 - 2 of 248 Contents vi 3 Narratology 44 Vladimir Propp?s Analysis of the Folk Tale 45 Greimas?s Actantial Theory of Narrative 48 Roland Barthes and the Study of Narrative Texts 51 Structuralist Plot-Analysis: G¿rard Genette 56 Irene de Jong?s Narratological Analysis of theHomeric Epics 61 Further Reading 63 4 Mikhail Bakhtin 64 Bakhtin?s Life and the Problem ofHisWritings 65 Dialogism and the Novel 67 The Carnivalization of Literature 70 Menippean Satire and Ancient Carnivalesque Literature 72 Further Reading 77 5 Intertextuality 78 Leading theWay: Julia Kristeva 78 Further Developments of Intertextuality 79 G¿rard Genette?sModel ofHypertextuality 81 Intertextuality in Virgil 84 Further Reading 86 6 Reader-Response Criticism 87 Empirical Reception Studies 88 Aesthetics of Reception 89 American Reader-Response Criticism 92 Wheeler?s Analysis of Ovid?sMetamorphoses 95 Further Reading 97 7 Orality ? Literacy 99 Oral Cultures: The Theses of Goody andWatt 100 What Does ?Orality?Mean? 103 Oral Poetry 105 TheHomeric Epics as a Test Case 107 Further Reading 112 "translation" - 2007/03/16 - 13:03 - 3 of 248 Contents vii 8 Deconstruction 114 The Foundations: Derrida?s Criticism of Logocentrism 115 Deconstruction in America 121 Objections to Deconstruction 123 The Role of the Author 125 Stanley Fish?sModel of ?Interpretive Communities? 128 The Responsibility of the Interpreter 131 Deconstruction?sMerits and Demerits 137 Deconstruction in Antiquity? Socrates und Protagoras 138 Further Reading 140 9 Michel Foucault and Discourse Analysis 141 The Power of Discourse 142 Objections to Foucault?s Analysis of Discourse 146 Foucault and Antiquity 150 The Debate about Foucault?s Interpretation of Ancient Sexuality 154 Further Reading 158 10 NewHistoricism 160 NewHistoricism and Deconstruction 161 NewHistoricism andMichel Foucault 166 Objections to NewHistoricism 168 NewHistoricism and Antiquity 173 Further Reading 175 11 Feminist Approaches/Gender Studies 177 The FeministMovement and Definitions of ?Woman? 177 Feminism in Literary Criticism 179 French Feminism 181 Pragmatic Feminism in Literary Criticism 183 From Images ofWomen to Gender Studies 188 Queer Theory 190 Gender Studies and Attic Drama 192 Further Reading 194 "translation" - 2007/03/16 - 13:03 - 4 of 248 Contents viii 12 Psychoanalytic Approaches 196 Interpreting Dreams, Interpreting Literature 198 Three Attempts at Psychoanalytic Interpretation 201 Language and the Unconscious: Jacques Lacan 203 Further Reading 205 Conclusions? 206 Whither Now? 208 Additional Notes 210 References and Bibliography 216 Index 234
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Criticism -- History -- 20th century.
Classical literature -- History and criticism.
Classical literature -- Criticism, Textual.