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Table of Contents Preface Introduction and overview I Diverging Views on Globalization I. Introduction II. The Background of the Debate on the Merits of Globalization III. The Critics of Globalization IV. In Defense of Globalization IV. The Opposing Views on Globalization in Retrospect V. The Human Face of the Next Phase of Globalization * People?s Views on Globalization * Globalization and the Least Developed Countries II Globalization and the Marginalization of the Least Developed Countries I. Introduction II. Has Globalization been ?Good for the Poor?? * The Experience in the Main Regions III. The Changing Faces of the World?s Poor * The Impact on the Measure of Income Inequality * Evaluating the Changes in Poverty and Income Inequality IV. Has Globalization been Good for the LDCs? * The Changes in Poverty in the LDCs * The Dilemma in Policy Decisions * The Choice between Pro-growth vs. Pro-poor Policy V. Growth, Poverty and Income Inequality in the Main Regions * Sub-Saharan Africa * Asia * Latin America VI. Concluding Remarks III Has Globalization been ?Pro-Poor?? I. Introduction II. Estimating the Impact of Economic Growth on Poverty * The Growth Elasticity of Poverty * Alternative Measures of Pro-Poor Growth * Pro-Poor Growth, Income Inequality and Relative Deprivation * Raising the Absolute Level of the Poor?s Income III. Criteria for Evaluating Development Strategies * Political and Economic Priorities between Growth, Poverty and Inequality * The Changes in the Global Economy and Growth in the African Countries * The Lessons from the Multi-Country Studies IV. Pro-Poor Growth: Diagrammatic Illustration * The Impact of the Income Distribution on Pro-Poor Growth * Alternative Patterns of Pro-Poor Growth: Diagrammatic Illustration * The Opportunity Costs of Equity and the Kuznets Curve * Other Goals of Economic Development * Can Growth, Poverty Reduction and Equity be Conflicting Goals? V. Pro-Poor Growth in a Multi-Country Framework * How did Countries evaluate their Development Priorities? VI. Concluding Remarks IV Have the Policies of Economic Development been ?Pro-Poor?? I. Introduction II. What Has Remained of the ?Washington Consensus?? III. How Should LDCs Make the Choice of Growth and Trade Policies Today? * Outward- vs. Inward-Oriented Growth Strategy * The Gains and Constraints of Government Interventions * Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Growth * Government Interventions in Trade and Foreign Investments * The Different Forms of Trade Liberalization IV. The Lessons from the Structural Adjustment Programs * The Debt Crisis and the Implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programs * Privatization * Privatization in the Ex-centrally Planned Economies * Criticism of the SAP * Why Did the SAPs Fail? * Governance * The Impact of the SAPs * The East Asian Model and Its Constraints for the LDCs * The Neo-classical Model and Its Constraints * The Impact of Government-coordinated Policies * The Poverty Reduction Strategy Program (PRSP) V. Why Have the Structural Adjustments Failed in SSA? * Could the SAPs in Africa be Better Structured? * Later Adjustments in the SAPs: Better Governance and Fighting Corruption VI. Should There be Another Round of Structural Adjustments? V Trade and Growth Policies for Poverty Reduction The Lessons of the ?East Asian Miracle? for the LDCs I. Introduction II. Trade and Growth in the LDCs: The Theory and its Practice Today * ?Inward-looking? vs. ?Outward-looking? Trade Policy * The Changes in the Organization of World Trade * Is There a Level Playing Field in Today?s Free Trade for the LDCs? III. Open Trade and Public Policies: Lessons from the East Asia Experience * The Diverging Trends in the Developing Countries * The Sources of the Economic Growth of the East Asian Countries * World Bank Studies on the Impact of Globalization * Studies on the Impact on Income Inequality * Impact on Poverty -- Estimates Based on Income Data * Potential Pitfalls in the Lessons from Multi-country Studies * The Impact of China and India on SSA * Impact on Poverty in the LDCs * The Impact of East Asia on the Trade of the Least Developed Countries IV. The Role of the Government in Planning Trade, Growth and ?Pro-Poor? Policies: * Restrictions on Trade Liberalization and the Role of Government * Impediments to Trade in the LDCs and the Role of Government * Pro-trade Macroeconomic Policies * Selective Interventions V. How Relevant is the East Asian Experience for the LDCs today? * Should Government Interventions be Prohibited? * Limitations of the East Asian ?Formula? VI. Concluding Remarks Appendix: The Impact of Off-shoring and the Transfer of Capital from Developed to Developing Countries: A Diagrammatic Illustration VI Will Africa be Left Behind? I. Introduction II. From the Optimism of the 1960s to the Pessimistic Outlook Today * The Deteriorating Conditions in SSA * The Prospects of Recovery III. Obstacles to Growth in SSA * Growth and Industrialization * The Predicament of Africa?s Geography * The Obstacles of Governance and Institutional Capacity IV. Food Insecurity: Production or Income Shortfall? V. Africa?s Trade Policies * Trade Preferences for Exports from SSA VI. The Impact of Regional Trade Agreements Regional Trade Agreements and the EU Economic Partnership Agreement VII. Why is Africa Falling Behind? * Can SSA Manage the Next Wave of Globalization? * Can Africa Claim the 21st Century? * Mapping Sub-Saharan Africa?s Future VIII. Can SSA Achieve the Millennium Development Goals? IX. Concluding Remarks Appendix: The Saving Trap and the Big Push: The Theory and its Traps Concluding Observations
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Rural development -- Developing countries.
Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Developing countries.