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Preface xi Section One REVIEW OF BASIC FUNDAMENTALS Unit 1 Some Basic Rules for Mathematics 1 Unit 2 Formulas 9 Unit 3 Solving Formulas/Equations 17 Unit 4 Square Root 21 Unit 5 Review of Angle Measure 26 Unit 6 Conversion of Length Measure 30 Section Two PIPE LENGTH CALCULATIONS Unit 7 Standard Weight Pipe 35 Unit 8 Allowance for Threaded Fittings 38 Unit 9 Copper Tubing 42 Unit 10 Allowances for Copper Fittings 44 Unit 11 Plastic Pipe 46 Unit 12 Allowance for Plastic Fittings 48 Unit 13 Welded Steel Pipe 50 Unit 14 Allowing for Welded Fittings 55 Unit 15 Equal Spacing 59 Unit 16 Angles in Plumbing 62 Unit 17 Offset, Diagonal, Rise, and Run 64 Unit 18 Solving for 45¡ Constants 66 Unit 19 45¡ Diagonal and Pipe Length 68 Unit 20 Three-Pipe Diagrams with a 45¡ Offset 70 Unit 21 Right Angle with a 45¡ Diagonal 74 Unit 22 45¡ Offsets with a Wye Fitting 77 Unit 23 Wye and Tee-Wye Assemblies 83 Unit 24 The 0.707 Constant in 45¡ Pipe Assemblies 91 Unit 25 Solving for Other Angles 94 Unit 26 Pipe Bending 100 Unit 27 Cast Iron Pipe 105 Unit 28 Cast Iron Assemblies with Various Bends 107 Unit 29 Bend Offsets 112 Unit 30 Assemblies with Cast Iron Wyes and Tee-Wyes 116 Unit 31 Single Loop Back-Venting 119 Unit 32 Grade, Percent Grade, Drop, and Run 123 Unit 33 Elevation and Grade 126 Unit 34 Elevation in a Plan View Pipe Diagram 129 Unit 35 Jumper Offsets 133 Unit 36 45¡ Offsets in Parallel 138 Unit 37 Special Case of 45¡ Offsets in Parallel 142 Unit 38 Rolling Offsets 145 Unit 39 Combination Offsets 149 Unit 40 Pipe Length by Layout 154 Unit 41 Cast Iron Flanged Fittings 159 Unit 42 Miter Cuts-Welded Pipe 161 Section Three SHEET METAL WORK Unit 43 Shower Pan or Safe 164 Unit 44 Rectangular Tank Liner 166 Unit 45 Cylindrical Stretchouts 168 Unit 46 Roof Pitch 170 Section Four VOLUMES, PRESSURES, AND CAPACITIES Unit 47 Water Measure 173 Unit 48 Rectangular Solids 175 Unit 49 Cylinders 177 Unit 50 Spheres 180 Unit 51 Segments 182 Unit 52 Partially Filled Containers of Varying Shapes 184 Unit 53 Water Pressure, Head, and Force 189 Unit 54 Ratio of Pipe Capacities 191 Unit 55 Pipe Sizing 193 Section Five PHYSICS Unit 56 Mechanical Advantage 196 Unit 57 The States of Matter and why 16 Matters 203 Unit 58 Properties of Gases 208 Section Six HEATING Unit 59 Heat Loss versus Radiator Size 213 Unit 60 Radiation Sizing for Total Heat Loss of a Room 216 Unit 61 Estimating Size of Piping 219 Unit 62 Sizing Ventilation 223 Unit 63 Heating Problems for a Two-Floor House 229 Section Seven THE BUILDER'S LEVEL Unit 64 Words Used in Leveling 234 Unit 65 Math Aids in Leveling 236 Appendix A Table A Square Root of Numbers 1.00-5.49 239 Table B Square Root of Numbers 5.50-9.99 240 Table C Square Root of Numbers 10.0-54.9 241 Table D Square Root of Numbers 55.0-99.9 242 Table E Powers and Roots of Numbers 1-100 243 Table F Standard Tables of English Measure 244 Table G Standard Tables of Metric Measure 244 Data 1 Decimal Inch and Fractional Inch Equivalents 245 Data 2 Standard Weight Pipe-Diameters and Threads 246 Data 3 Standard Weight Pipe-Diameters and Capacities 247 Data 4 Copper Tubes-Diameters 248 Data 5 Elbows-90¡ and 45¡-Threaded STD, Copper, PVC, Drainage 249 Data 6 Elbows-60¡, 221Ú2¡, and 111Ú4¡- Threaded, Copper, PVC 250 Data 7 Tees-Threaded, Copper, PVC 251 Data 8 Regular 45¡ Wye-Threaded, Copper, PVC 252 Data 9 Reduced Branch 45¡ Wye-Threaded, Copper, PVC 253 Data 10 Regular Tee Wye-Threaded, Copper, PVC 255 Data 11 Reduced Branch Tee Wye-Threaded, Copper, PVC 256 Data 12 Bends-1Ú4 and 1Ú8-Hub and No-Hub 257 Data 13 Bends-1Ú5 and 1Ú6-Hub and No-Hub 258 Data 14 Bends-1Ú16-Hub and No-Hub 259 Data 15 Wye-Branches-Hub and No-Hub 260 Data 16 Tee Wye-Branches-Hub and No-Hub 261 Data 17 Tapped Tees, Hub and Tapped Tee Wyes, No-Hub 262 Data 18 Slip and Caulk-Type Drainage Fittings 263 Data 19 Flanged Fittings 264 Data 20 Constants for 45¡ Fittings 266 Data 21 Constants for 60¡ Fittings 267 Data 22 Constants for 221Ú2¡ Fittings 268 Data 23 Constants for 111Ú4¡ Fittings 269 Data 24 Constants for 1Ú5 Bends 270 Data 25 Constants for Parallel Offsets 271 Data 26 Constants for Rolling Offsets 272 Data 27 Trigonometric Functions 273 Appendix B Using the Calculator 276
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Plumbing -- Mathematics.
Pipe fitting -- Mathematics.