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Table of contents Acknowledgments xi The rationale 1 Umberto Ansaldo* & Stephen J. Matthews 1 On deconstruction 1 2 Deconstructing creole 3 2.1 Creole studies and linguistics 3 2.2 Introducing the volume 4 3 History of beliefs 8 3.1 A brief history of creole ideas 8 3.2 From the Language Bioprogram to the Creole Prototype 10 3.3 Creole myths 12 3.3.1 The myth of simplicity 12 3.3.2 The myth of decreolization 13 3.3.3 The myth of exceptional diachrony 13 4 Final remarks 14 Typology and grammar: Creole morphology revisited 21 Joseph T. Farquharson 1 Introduction 21 2 Word-formation 22 2.1 Affixation 23 2.2 Reduplication 24 2.3 Compounding 25 2.4 Zero-derivation 26 3 Transparency 27 4 Inflectional morphology 28 4.1 Affixational inflectional morphology 29 4.2 Reduplicative inflectional morphology 30 5 Complex morphology 31 5.1 Complex morphology as inflectional (affixational) morphology? 31 5.2 Complexity and age 31 6 Conclusion 34 .. Deconstructing Creole The role of typology in language creation: A descriptive take 39 Enoch O. Aboh & Umberto Ansaldo 1 Introduction 39 2 Contact languages and ¿simple grammars¿ 40 2.1 Infl ection and simplifi cation 40 2.2 The Noun Phrase as a case study for competition and selection 42 2.3 The Feature Pool 44 2.4 Simplifi cation again 46 3 Competition and selection in English, Gbe and the Suriname creoles 47 3 1 Properties of the noun phrase in English, Gungbe and the Suriname creoles 47 3.2 The function of determiners in the competing languages and the emerging creole 50 3.3 Intertwining syntax and semantics 52 3.4 Summary 56 4 Congruence, frequency and replication in Sri Lanka Malay 57 4.1 Morpheme sources 58 4.2 Structural features of case in SLM, Sinhala and Tamil 58 4.3 Functional alignments 60 4.2 Summary 62 5 Conclusions 63 Creoles, complexity and associational semantics 67 David Gil 1 Creoles and complexity 67 2 Associational semantics 71 3 Associational semantics and complexity 75 4 Measuring complexity: The association experiment 79 4.1 Experimental design 81 4.2 Running the experiment 86 5 Results 88 6 Further questions: Why languages vary and why languages ¿undress¿ 90 Table of contents ... Admixture and after: The Chamic languages and the Creole Prototype 109 Anthony P. Grant* 1 The Creole Prototype 109 2 Introduction to the Chamic languages 111 3 Where the Chamic Languages fi t in genealogically 112 4 Infl uences on the Chamic languages: Whence and where 114 5 Lexical elements of unknown origin in Chamic 120 6 Aspects of Chamic typology: Phonology, morphology and syntax 121 7 Transfer of fabric in Chamic: The lexicon 126 8 How Indochinese Chamic Languages ¿got this way¿: The replication of the effects of the Creole Prototype as a dynamic diachronic process 130 9 Conclusions 136 Relexification and pidgin development: The case of Cape Dutch Pidgin 141 Hans den Besten 1 Preliminaries 141 2 The CDP sentence: Relexifi cation and stripping (and more) 142 2.1 SOV word order and the history of CDP 142 2.2 Relexifi cation and stripping 144 2.3 Relexifi cation and Pro-drop 147 2.4 Negation, temporal anchoring and ¿have¿ and ¿be¿ 149 2.5 Looking ahead 151 3 CDP DPs: Relexifi cation, stripping and adaptation 151 3.1 DP-internal Word Order 151 3.2 Petrifi ed endings? Nominalizations? 154 3.3 Conclusion 155 4 CDP PPs 155 5 CDP clauses again 157 6 Conclusions 159 Sociohistorical contexts: Transmission and transfer 167 Jeff Siegel 1 Introduction 167 2 Transmission of the lexifi er 167 2.1 Break in transmission 167 2.2 Normal transmission 169 2.2.1 Lack of evidence of a pre-existing pidgin 169 2.2.2 Existence in some creoles of morphology from the lexifi er 172 2.2.3 Conventional language change 172 2.3 Discussion 175 3 Transmission of substrate features 177 3.1 Language transfer 177 3.2 Substrate reinforcement 185 4 Associated ideologies 187 4.1 The development of post-colonial ideology in the ¿New World¿ 187 4.2 Discussion 191 4.3 ¿Imperfect¿ learning 194 5 Conclusion 195 The sociolinguistic history of the Peranakans: What it tells us about ¿creolization¿ 203 Umberto Ansaldo, Lisa Lim & Salikoko Mufwene 1 Creoles and the notion of ¿creolization¿ 203 2 The Peranakan population and the genesis of Baba Malay 206 2.1 The non-traumatic birth of the Peranakans 207 2.2 Multilingualism and the nature of transmission 209 2.3 The Peranakans as privileged British subjects 210 2.4 Baba Malay features 212 2.5 Summary and refl ections 218 3 Final remarks 220 The complexity that really matters: The role of political economy in creole genesis 227 Nicholas Faraclas, Don E. Walicek, Mervyn Alleyne, Wilfredo Geigel& Luis Ortiz 1 Introduction 227 1.1 Purpose 229 2 Interaction, not simply ¿access¿ 229 2.1 Correlating colonization and types of interaction 230 3 Beyond correlation: The descriptive and explanatory power of the Matrix of Creolization in relation to key debates in creolistics 231 4 Toward a typology of colonization and creolization: Political economy and the continua, matrix, and space of Afro-Caribbean creolization 234 4.1 Superstrate economies 239 4.2 Superstrate ideologies, cultures, and linguistics 242 4.3 Superstrate politics 245 4.4 Substrate economies 248 4.5 Substrate ideologies, cultures, and linguistics 251 4.6 Substrate politics 255 5 Conclusion: The linguistic outcomes 258 Creole metaphors in cultural analysis 265 Roxy Harris & Ben Rampton 1 Introduction 265 2 Ideologies in creole linguistics 266 3 Creole language study and the shift in linguistics 270 4 Interaction as a site of ¿transcultural¿ encounter 273 4.1 Interactional siting: Ritual and remedial interchanges 276 4.2 Processes of symbolic evocation: Historical consciousness in situated code-switching 278 5 Conclusion 281
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Creole dialects.
Typology (Linguistics).