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TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Part I. ADDRESSING DISPUTES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. The Array of Dispute Resolution Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. The Dispute Resolution Continuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Core Consensual Dispute Resolution Processes: Negotiation and Mediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Dispute Resolution Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. The Modern ADR Movement: Alternative to What? . . . . . . . . . 1. Modern Origins: The Pound Conference (1976) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Jay Tidmarsh, Pound?s Century, and Ours, 81 Notre Dame L. Rev. 513 (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Frank E.A. Sander, Varieties of Dispute Processing, 70 F.R.D. 111 (1975) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. To What is ADR the Alternative? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Jethro K. Lieberman & James F. Henry, Lessons From the Alternative Dispute Resolution Movement, 53 U. Chi. L. Rev. 424 (1986) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. William Twining, Alternatives to What: Theories of Litigation, Procedure, and Dispute Settlement in Anglo-American Jurisprudence: Some Neglected Classics, 56 Modern L. Rev. 380 (1993) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Making Use of ADR: Picking a Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Frank E.A. Sander & Lukasz Rozdeiczer, Matching Cases and Dispute Resolution Procedures: Detailed Analysis Leading to a Mediation-Centered Approach, 11 Harv. Negot. L. Rev. 1 (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Phillip M. Armstrong, Georgia Pacific?s ADR Program: A Critical Review After 10 Years, 60-JUL Disp. Resol. J. 19 (2005) . . . . . . . E. Thinking About the Alternatives: Some Caveats . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Harry T. Edwards, Alternative Dispute Resolution: Panacea or Anathema, 99 Harv. L. Rev. 668 (1986) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Judith Resnik, Many Doors? Closing Doors? Alternative Dispute Resolution and Adjudication, 10 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 211 (1995) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page ix Chapter 2: COMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND PRACTICE . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Listening Skills and Effective Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Communication As an Interactive Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Evans Atwater, I HEAR YOU (1992) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. David A. Binder, Paul Bergman & Susan Price, LAWYERS AS COUNSELORS (1991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Context of Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Franz Leiber, LEGAL AND POLITICAL HERMENEUTICS (3d ed. 1881) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Frigaliment Importing Co. v. B.N.S. Int?l Sales Co., 190 F .Supp. 116 (S.D.N.Y. 1960) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. The Management of Impressions: ?All the World?s A Stage? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Erving Goffman, THE PRESENTATION OF SELF IN EVERYDAY LIFE (1959) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Jean Paul Sartre, BEING AND NOTHINGNESS (1956) [The Waiter] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. William Sansom, A CONTEST OF LADIES (1956) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. George Santayana, SOLILOQUIES IN ENGLAND AND LATER SOLILOQUIES (1992) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. Women as Negotiators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Kathleen Kelley Reardon, THEY DON?T GET IT, DO THEY? COMMUNICATION IN THE WORKPLACE ? CLOSING THE GAP BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN (1995) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Professor Charles Craver?s Research on Gender Differences in Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 3: THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO DISPUTES AND DISPUTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Rational Choice Theory and Its Critics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Adam Smith, An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1996) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Christine Jolls, Cass R. Sunstein & Richard Thaler, A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics, 50 Stan. L. Rev. 1471 (1998) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Robert S. Adler, Flawed Thinking: Addressing Decision Biases in Negotiation, 20 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 683 (2005) . . . . . . . . . x TABLE OF CONTENTS 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page x C. Games People Play: Real and Theoretical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. The Theory of Games and the Game of Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . 2. The Prisoner?s Dilemma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. The Tragedy of the Commons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Making Concessions And Adjusting to Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Lyonel Festinger, AN INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCE (1957) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Barry M. Staw, The Escalation of Commitment to a Course of Action, Academy of Mana. Rev., Oct 1981, at 577 . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Agency Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Ronald J. Gilson & Robert H. Mnookin, Disputing Through Agents: Cooperation and Conflict Between Lawyers in Litigation, 94 Columb. L. Rev. 509 (1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Collaborative Law: An Answer to the Risks of Cooperation . . . . . F. Anthropology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Sally E. Merry, Disputing Without Culture, Review of Stephen B. Goldberg, Eric Green & Frank E.A. Sander, DISPUTE RESOLUTION (1985), 100 Harv. L. Rev. 2057 (1985) . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Jayne Seminare Docherty, Culture and Negotiation: Symmetrical Anthropology for Negotiators, 87 Marq. L. Rev. 711 . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. William Twining, Alternatives to What: Theories of Litigation, Procedure, and Dispute Settlement in Anglo-American Jurisprudence: Some Neglected Classics, 56 Modern L. Rev. 380 (1993) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Karl Llewellyn & E. Adamson Hoebel, THE CHEYENNE WAY (1941) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part II. NEGOTIATION Chapter 4: THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Models of Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Observing and Thinking About Negotiation in Daily Life . . . . . . 2. Philip H. Gulliver DISPUTES AND NEGOTIATIONS: A CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE (1979) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. John S. Murray, Understanding Competing Theories of Negotiation, 1986 Negotiation J. 179 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Carrie Menkel-Meadow, Toward Another View of Legal Negotiation: The Structure of Problem Solving, 31 UCLA L. Rev. 754 (1984) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE OF CONTENTS xi 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xi 6. Charles B. Craver, The Negotiation Process, 27 Am. J. Trial Advoc. 271 (2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. The Underlying Legal Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. ?Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Russell Korobkin, Michael Moffitt & Nancy Welch, The Law of Bargaining, 87 Marq. L. Rev. 839 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Strategies for Successful Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Implicit Negotiations Ancillary to the Main Negotiation . . . . . . . 2. William R. Potapchuk, Getting to the Table: A Guide for Senior Managers (1990), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Working Paper No. 3 [IWR Working Paper 90-ADR-WP-3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. David A. Lax & James K. Sebenius, Interests: The Measure of Negotiation, 2 Negot. L.J. 73 (1986) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Donald G. Gifford, A Context-Based Theory of Strategy Selection in Legal Negotiation, 46 Ohio St. L.J. 41, 45-58 (1985) . . . . . . . . 5. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. James J. White, Review Essay: The Pros and Cons of ?Getting to YES? by Roger Fisher and William Ury, 31 J. Legal Educ. 115 (1981) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Roger Fisher, Comment on James White?s Review of ?Getting to YES,? 31 J. Legal Educ. 128 (1981) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Factors Affecting Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Charles B. Craver, Negotiation Styles: The Impact on Bargaining Transactions, 58-APR Disp. Resol. J 48 (2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Jennifer Gerarda Brown, Creativity and Problem-Solving, 87 Marq. L. Rev. 697 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Nancy A. Welsh, Perceptions of Fairness in Negotiation, 87 Marq. L. Rev. 753 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Andrea Kupfer Schneider, Aspirations in Negotiation, 87 Marq. L. Rev. 675 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Maurice E. Schweitzer & Jeffrey L. Kerr, Bargaining Under the Influence: The Role of Alcohol in Negotiations, 14 Academy of Mana. Exec. At 47 (May 2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 5: TRANS-NATIONAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. How Do Minorities and ?Have-Nots? Fare in ADR? . . . . . . . . . 1. Richard Delgado, Chris Dunn, Pamela Brown, Helena Lee, & David Hubbert, Fairness and Formality: Minimizing the Risk of Prejudice in Alternative Dispute Resolution, 1985 Wisc. L. Rev. 1359 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii TABLE OF CONTENTS 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xii 2. Menkel-Meadow, Do the ?Haves? Come Out Ahead in Alternative Judicial Systems? Repeat Players in ADR, 15 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 19 (1999) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Dispute Settlement Within Closely Knit Communities . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Jerold Auerbach, JUSTICE WITHOUT LAW? (1981) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Diane LeResche, A Comparison of the American Mediation Process With a Korean-American Harmony Restoration Process, 9 Mediation Q. 323 (1992) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Negotiating in Japan: A Primer For Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Glen Fisher, INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATION: A CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE (1980) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Dean Allen Foster, BARGAINING ACROSS BORDERS: HOW TO NEGOTIATE BUSINESS ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD (1992) . . . . . . . . . 4. Robert M. March, THE JAPANESE NEGOTIATOR: SUBTLETY AND STRATEGY BEYOND WESTERN LOGIC (1990) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Sanjyot P. Dunung, DOING BUSINESS IN ASIA: THE COMPLETE GUIDE (1995) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Boye Lafayette DeMente, HOW TO DO BUSINESS WITH THE JAPANESE: A COMPLETE GUIDE TO JAPANESE CUSTOMS AND BUSINESS PRACTICES (1993) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Philip R. Harris & Robert I. Moran, MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCE (1991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. James Day Hodgeson Yoshihiro Sano & John L. Graham, DOING BUSINESS WITH THE NEW JAPAN (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 6: NEGOTIATION APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Commercial (Including Consumer) Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Arthur Allen Leff, Injury, Ignorance and Spite: The Dynamics of Coercive Collection, 80 Yale L.J. 1 (1970) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Richard Shell, BARGAINING FOR ADVANTAGE (1999) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Shiva Naipaul, NORTH OF SOUTH: AN AFRICAN JOURNEY (1978) . . 5. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Negotiation in Legislative Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Tom Melling, Dispute Resolution Within Legislative Institutions, 46 Stan. L. Rev. 1677 (1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. People Accused of Crimes: Plea Bargaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Abraham S. Blumberg, The Practice of Law as a Confidence Came, 1 Law & Society Rev. 15 (1967) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xiii 3. Donald C. Gifford, A Context-Based Theory of Strategy Selection, 4Ohio St. L.J. 41 (1985) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. William J. Stuntz, Plea Bargaining and Criminal Law?s Disappearing Shadow, 117 Harv. L. Rev. 2548 (2004) . . . . . . . . . 5. Stephanos Bibas, Plea Bargaining Outside the Shadow of Trial, 117 Harv. L. Rev. 2463 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Questionable Negotiation Conduct: Puffing, Misrepresentation, and Lying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Charles B. Craver, Negotiation Ethics: How to Be Deceptive Without Being Dishonest; How to Be Assertive Without Being Offensive, 38 S. Tex. L. Rev. 713 (1997) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. James J. White, Machiavelli and the Bar: Ethical Limitations on Lying in Negotiation, 1980 Am. B. Found. Res. J. 921 . . . . . . 4. John W. Cooley, Defining the Ethical Limits of Acceptable Deception in Mediation, 4 Pepp. Disp. Resol. J. 263 (2004) . . . . . Part III. MEDIATION Chapter 7: THE MEDIATION PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. The Mediation Process: Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Lon Fuller, Mediation ? Its Forms and Functions, 44 S. Cal. L. Rev. 305 (1979) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Christopher Moore, Mediation (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. The Mediation Process: Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Eric Galton, REPRESENTING CLIENTS IN MEDIATION (1995) . . . . . . 3. Tom Arnold, 20 Common Errors in Mediation Advocacy, 13 Alternatives to High Cost Litig. 69 (1995) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. James J. Alfini, Trashing, Bashing, and Hashing It Out: Is This the End of ?Good Mediation??, 19 Fla. St. U.L. Rev. 47 (1991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Different Views of Mediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Robert A. Baruch Bush & Joseph Folger, THE PROMISE OF MEDIATION: RESPONDING TO CONFLICT THROUGH EMPOWERMENT AND RECOGNITION (1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Michael L. Moffitt, Schmediation and the Dimensions of Definition, 10 Harv. Negot. L. Rev. 69 (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xiv Chapter 8: MAJOR MEDIATION ISSUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Mediation in the Courts: The Law of Mediation . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. James R. Coben & Peter N. Thompson, Disputing Irony: A Systematic Look at Litigation About Mediation, 11 Harv. Negot. L. Rev. 43 (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Confidentiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Carol L. Izumi and Homer C. La Rue, Prohibiting ?Good Faith? Reports Under the Uniform Mediation Act: Keeping the Adjudication Camel Out of the Mediation Tent, 2003 J. Disp. Resol. 67 (2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. National Labor Relations Board v. Joseph Macaluso, Inc., 618 F.2d 51 (9th Cir. 1980) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. In re Anonymous, 283 F.3d 627 (4th Cir. 2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Chiles Power Supply, Inc., 332 F.3d 976 (6th Cir. 2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Foxgate Homeowners? Ass?n, Inc. v. Bramalea Cal., Inc., 25 P.3d 1117, 1126 (Cal. 2001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. State v. Williams, 877 A.2d 1258 (N.J. 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Mediation Advocacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Peter Robinson, Contending With Wolves in Sheep?s Clothing: A Cautiously Cooperative Approach to Mediation Advocacy, 50 Baylor L. Rev. 963 (1998) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. James K.L. Lawrence, Mediation Advocacy: Partnering With the Mediator, 15 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 425 (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Jean R. Sternlight, Lawyers? Representation of Clients in Mediation: Using Economics and Psychology to Structure Advocacy in a Nonadversarial Setting, 14 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 269 (1999) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Harold Abramson, Problem-Solving Advocacy in Mediations: A Model of Client Representation, 10 Harv. Negot. L. Rv. 103 (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Good Faith Participation in Mediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 9: MEDIATION APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Mediation In the Medical Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Nancy Neveloff Dubler, Mediating Disputes in Managed Care: Resolving Conflicts Over Covered Services, 2002 J. Health Care L. & P. 479 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE OF CONTENTS xv 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xv 3. Phyllis E. Bernard, Mediating With an 800-Pound Gorilla, 60 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 1417 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Nancy Neveloff Dubler & Carol B. Liebman, Bioethics: Mediating Conflict in the Hospital Environment, Disp. Resol. J. May-July 2004 at 32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Charity Scott, Mediating Life and Death, Disp. Resol. Mag., Fall 2004, at 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Marc R. Lebed & John J. McCauley, Mediation Within the Health Care Industry: Hurdles and Opportunities, 21 Ga. St. L. Rev. 91 (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Victim Offender Mediation (VOM): Restorative Justice . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Mark S. Umbreit, Betty Vos, Robert B. Coates & Elizabeth Lightfoot, Restorative Justice in the Twenty-First Century: A Social Movement Full of Opportunities and Pitfalls, 89 Marq. L. Rev. 251 (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Jennifer Geralda Brown, The Use of Mediation to Solve Criminal Cases: A Procedural Critique, 43 Emory L.J. 1247 (1994) . . . . . . D. Mediators as Business Deal Makers: Agency Theory Revisited . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Scott R. Peppet, Contract Formation in Imperfect Markets: Should We Use Mediators in Deals, 19 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 283 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Mark C. Suchman & Mia L. Cahill, The Hired Gun as Facilitator: Lawyers and the Suppression of Business Disputes, 21 Law & Soc. Inquiry 679 (1996) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part IV. ADDITIONAL PROCESSES AND APPROACHES Chapter 10: COURT-CONNECTED ADR PROCESSES . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Authority of Courts to Require Litigants to Use (And Pay For) ADR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. In re Atlantic Pipe Corp., F.3d 135 (1st Cir. 2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Caroline Harris Crowne, The Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 1998: Implementing a New Paradigm of Justice, 76 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1768 (2001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Wayne D. Brazil, Should Court-Sponsored ADR Survive?, 21 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 241 (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Early Neutral Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Joshua D. Rosenberg & H. Jay Folberg, Alternative Dispute Resolution: An Empirical Analysis, 46 Stan. L. Rev. 1487 (1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xvi D. Summary Jury Trial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Neil Vidmar & Jeffrey Eke, Jury Determined Settlements, and Summary Jury Trials, 19 Fla. St. U.L. Rev. 89 (1991) . . . . . . . . . 2. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Court Annexed (Non-Binding) Arbitration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. What Is the Minimum Level of Participation in Court-Connected ADR? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. G. Heileman Brewing Co., Inc. v. Joseph Oat Corp., 871 F.2d 648 (7th Cir 1989) (en banc) (the judges split by a 6-5 vote) . . . . 2. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. John Lande, Using Dispute System Design Methods to Promote Good Faith Participation in Court-Connected Mediation Programs, 50 UCLA L. Rev. 69 (2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Settlement Authority of Government Representatives . . . . . . . . a . In re Stone, 986 F.2d 898 (5th Cir. 1993) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. Appellate Mediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Ignazio J. Ruvolo, Appellate Mediation ? ?Settling? The Last Frontier of ADR, 42 San Diego L. Rev. 177 (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 11: PRIVATE ADR PROCESSES: BEYOND MEDIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Mini-Trial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Jethro K. Lieberman & James F. Henry, Lessons From the Alternative Dispute Resolution Movement, 53 U. Chi. L. Rev. 424 (1986) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Lester Edelman, et al., The Mini-Trial (U.S. Army Corps of Engineering 1989) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Arbitration ? Private and Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. The Place of Arbitration in Modern America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Arbitration Law in England and Earlier America . . . . . . . . . . . . a. Tobey v. County of Bristol, 23 Fed. Cas. 1313 (D. Mass. 1845), Storey, J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b. Kulukundis Shipping Co., S/A v. Amtorg Trading Corp., 126 F.2d 978, 982-985 (2d Cir. 1942) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Soia Mentschikoff, Commercial Arbitration, 61 Colum. L. Rev. 846 (1961) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Arbitration Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a. The Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b. The Uniform Arbitration Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c. Labor-Management Arbitration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE OF CONTENTS xvii 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xvii 5. An Overview of the Arbitration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Judicial Review of Arbitration Awards is Extremely Limited . . . a. Burchell v. Marsh, 58 U.S. 344 [17 How. 344] (1854) . . . . . . . b. Perini Corp. v. Greate Bay Hotel & Casino, Inc., 610 A.2d 364 (N.J. 1992), concurring opinion by Chief Justice Wilenz, adopted as the governing law of New Jersey in Tretina Printing, Inc. v. Fitzpatrick & Assoc., 640 A.2d 788 (N.J. 1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. The Supreme Court Strongly Favors Arbitration . . . . . . . . . . . . . a. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b. Buckeye Check Cashing, Inc. v. Cardegna, 126 S.Ct. 1204 (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Collaborative Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. What is Collaborative Law? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. A Movement Within the ADR Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Mediation and Collaborative Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Potential Professional Responsibility Issues Associated With Collaborative Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. State Action in Support of Collaborative Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Ombudspersons: Government and Corporate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Philip J. Harter, Ombuds: A Voice For the People, 11 Disp. Resol. Mag. 5 (Winter 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. ABA, Standards For the Establishment and Operation of Ombuds Offices (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Howard Gadlin, New Ombuds Standards Create Tension and Opportunity, 11 Disp. Resol. Mag. 15 (Winter 2005) . . . . . . . . . . F. Construction and Commercial Projects: Partnering and Dispute Review Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Daniel D. McMillan & Robert A. Rubin, Dispute Review Boards: Key Issues, Recent Case Law, and Standard Agreements, 25-SPG Construction Law. 14 (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Kathleen M. J. Harmon, Construction Conflicts and Dispute Review Boards: Attitudes and Opinions of Construction Industry Members, 58-JAN Disp. Resol. J. 66 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Lester Edelman, Partnering (U.S. Army Corps of Engineering 1991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Colleen A. Libbey, Working Together While Waltzing in a Mine Field: Successful Government Construction Contract Dispute Resolution With Partnering and Dispute Review Boards, 15 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 825 (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii TABLE OF CONTENTS 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xviii Chapter 12: GOVERNMENT USE OF ADR: THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. The Administrative Dispute Resolution Acts (ADRA) of 1990 and 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Stephen K. Huber, The Administrative Dispute Resolution Act of 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Jonathan D. Meister, The Administrative Dispute Resolution Act of 1996: Will the New Era of ADR in Federal Administrative Agencies Occur at the Expense of Public Accountability?, 13 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 167 (1997) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. The Uses of ADR by the Federal Government: Department of Justice Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Jeffrey M. Senger, Turning the Ship of State, 2000 J. Disp. Resol. 79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Too Little Too Late? Ashcroft Issues Support Letter to Agency ADR Officials, 22 Alternatives to High Cost Litig. 71 (May 2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Two Government ADR Case Studies: Tort Claims and Farmer-Lender Mediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Daniel Shane Read, The Courts? Difficult Balancing Act to be Fair to Both Plaintiff and Government Under the FTCA?s Administrative Claims Process, 57 Baylor L. Rev. 785 (2005) . . . 2. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Leonard L. Riskin, Two Concepts of Mediation in the FmHA?s Farmer-Lender Mediation Program, 45 Admin. L. Rev. 21 (1993) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Resolution of Taxpayer Disputes by the Internal Revenue Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Gregory P. Mathews, Using Negotiation, Mediation and Arbitration to Resolve IRS-Taxpayer Disputes, 19 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 709 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Thomas Carter Louthan, Building a User-Friendly Internal Revenue Service: ADR Programs are Set for Taxpayer Use, 18 Alternatives to High Cost Litig. 1 (Jan. 2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. Negotiated Rulemaking [Reg-Neg] and Rulemaking Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Lynn Sylvester & Ira Lobel, The Perfect Storm: Anatomy of a Failed Regulatory Negotiation, 59-JUL Disp. Resol. J. 44 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE OF CONTENTS xix 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xix 3. USA Group Loan Services, Inc. v. Riley, 82 F.3d 708 (7th Cir. 1996) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Jim Rossi, Bargaining in the Shadow of Administrative Procedure: The Public Interest in Rulemaking Settlement, 51 Duke L.J. 1015 (2001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 13: SETTLEMENT: LAW AND P0LICY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. The Great Settlement Debate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Owen M. Fiss, Against Settlement, 93 Yale L.J. 1073 (1984) . . . 2. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Andrew W. McThenia & Thomas L. Shaffer, For Reconciliation, 94 Yale L.J. 1660 (1985) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Owen M. Fiss, Out of Eden, 94 Yale L.J. 1669 (1985) . . . . . . . . . . 5. Jethro K. Lieberman & James F. Henry, Lessons From the Alternative Dispute Resolution Movement, 53 U. Chi.. L. Rev. 424 (1986) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Jeffrey R. Seul, Settling Significant Cases, 79 Wash. L. Rev. 881 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Settlement Practices in the American Legal System . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Marc Galanter & Mia Cahill, ?Most Cases Settle?: Judicial Promotion and Regulation of Settlement, 46 Stan.. L. Rev. 1339 (1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. The Law of Settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Chiles Power Supply, Inc., 332 F.3d 976 (6th Cir. 2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Sarkes Tarzian, Inc. v. U.S. Trust Department of Florida Savings Bank, 397 F.3d 577 (7th Cir. 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Padilla v. LaFrance, 907 S.W.2d 454 (Tex. 1995) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Beazer East Inc. v. Mead Corporation, 412 F.3d 429 (3d Cir. 2005) . Chapter 14: DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND THE COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. The Brave New World of the Internet and On-Line Dispute Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Gillian K. Hadfield, Delivering Legality on the Internet: Developing Principles For the Private Provision of Commercial Law, 6 Am. L. & Econ. Rev. 154 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx TABLE OF CONTENTS 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xx 3. Andrea Braeutigan, Fusses that Fit Online: Online Mediation in Non-Commercial Contexts, 5 Appalachian L.J. 275 (2006) . . . 4. Anita Ramasastry, Government-to-Citizen Online Dispute Resolution: A Preliminary Inquiry, 79 Wash. L. Rev. 159 (2004) . C. Dispute Resolution in a Technology-Mediated Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. David Allen Larson, Technology Mediated Dispute Resolution (TMDR): A New Paradigm for ADR, 21 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 629 (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Arno R. Lodder & John Zeleznikow, Developing an Online Dispute Resolution Environment: Dialogue Tools and Negotiation Support Systems in a Three-Step Model, 10 Harv. Negot. L. Rev. 287 (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Janice Nadler, Rapport in Legal Negotiation: How Small Talk Can Facilitate E-Mail Dealmaking, 9 Harv. Negot. L. Rev. 223 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Practitioners of On-Line Dispute Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Susan R. Raines, Mediating in Your Pajamas: The Benefits and Challenges for ODR Practitioners, 23 Conflict Resol. Q. 359 (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Melissa Conley Taylor & Jackie Bornstein, Accreditation of On-Line Dispute Resolution Professionals, 23 Conflict Resol. Q. 383 (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part V. DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROFESSIONALS Chapter 15: PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS, PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Regulation of Skilled Craftsmen and ?Professionals? . . . . . . . 1. Typology of Approaches Categories of Professional Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Walter Gellhorn, The Abuse of Professional Licensure, 44 U. Chi. L. Rev. 6 (1976) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Credentialing of Mediators and Other Dispute Resolution Practitioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Paula M. Young, Take It or Leave It, Lump It or Grieve It: Designing Mediator Complaint Systems That Protect Mediators, Unhappy Parties, Attorneys, Courts, The Process, and the Field, 21 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 721 (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Charles Pou, Jr., Assuring Excellence or Merely Reassuring? Policy and Practice in Promoting Mediator Quality, 2005 J. Disp. Resol. 303 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE OF CONTENTS xxi 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xxi 3. Sarah Rudolph Cole, Mediator Certification: Has the Time Come?, 11-3 Disp. Resol. Mag. 3 (Spring 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Craig McEwen, Giving Meaning to Mediator Professionalism, 11-3 Disp. Resol. Mag. 3 (Spring 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Melissa Conley Taylor & Jackie Bornstein, Accreditation of On-Line Dispute Resolution Professionals, 23 Conflict Resol. Q. 383 (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Standards of Conduct for ADR Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Paula M. Young, Rejoice! Rejoice!, Rejoice, Give Thanks and Sing: ABA, ACR, and AAAAdopt Revised Model Standards of Conduct For Mediators, 5 Appalachian J. L. 195 (2006) . . . . . . . E. Liability of Mediators and Others Associated With ADR . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Michael Moffitt, Suing Mediators, 83 B.U. L. Rev. 147 (2003) . . . 3. Wagshal v. Foster, 28 F.3d 1249 (D.C.Cir. 1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. Exceptions to Confidentiality: Duties to Warn or Report . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Thapar v. Zezulka , 994 S.W.2d 635 (Tex. 1999) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Child and Elder Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 16: PLANNING FOR AND AVOIDING DISPUTES: SYSTEMS DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Systems Design: Planning for and Avoiding Disputes . . . . . . . 1. E. Wendy Trachte-Huber, ADR System Design: The Pre-Litigation Option ? The Attorney as Consultant (1993) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Cathy A. Constantino & Christina Sickles Merchant, DESIGNING CONFLICT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ? A GUIDE TO CREATING PRODUCTIVE AND HEALTHY ORGANIZATIONS 19-32, 117-133 (1995) . 3. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Total Quality Management (TQM) and Similar Processes . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. E. Wendy Trachte-Huber, ADR System Design: The Pre-Litigation Option ? The Attorney as Consultant (1993) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Productive Workplaces: Planning For Employment Disputes 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Partnership Councils: Building Successful Labor-Management Relationships, IWR Working Paper 94-ADR-WP-5 (1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Peter Robinson, Arthur Pearlstein & Bernard Mayer, DyADS: Encouraging ?Dynamic Adaptive Dispute Systems? in the Organized Workplace, 10 Harv. Negot. L. Rev. 339 (2005) . . . . . . 4. William M. Bedman, ADR: The Halliburton Experience, Mediate.com (2002) [Resourceful Internet Solutions, Inc.] . . . . . xxii TABLE OF CONTENTS 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xxii E. System Design in Context: Three Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Comments and Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Daniel I. Gordon, Constructing a Bid Protest Process: The Choices that Every Procurement Challenge System Must Make, 35 Pub. Cont. L.J. 427 (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Ronald J. Bald & Evette E. Ungar, An Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems Design for the United States Coast Guard, 3 J. Am. Arb. 111 (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Debra Gerardi, The Culture of Health Care: How Professional and Organizational Cultures Impact Conflict Management, 21 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 857 (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part VI. STATUTES, RULES, AND FORMS A. NCCUSL, Uniform Mediation Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. AAA/ABA/ACR, Model Standards Of Conduct for Mediators . . . . . . C. American Arbitration Association, Commercial Mediation Rules (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Texas Alternative Dispute Resolution Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part VII. EXERCISES AND PROBLEMS TABLE OF CONTENTS xxiii 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xxiii 3557_02_FM 12/18/06 12:46 PM Page xxiv
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Dispute resolution (Law) -- United States.
Negotiation -- United States.
Mediation -- United States.