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Contents Acknowledgements 7 Tables and Figures 10 Abbreviations 12 Introduction 16 How the book is structured 17 How to get the most out of this book 17 How to use the self-assessments 20 Disclaimer to the sustainability experts 21 Part 1¿Foundation Concepts 22 Chapter 1¿Sustainability as a Strategic Issue 22 Benefits of pursuing sustainability 23 Threats if you don¿t pursue sustainability 25 Why is sustainability a strategic issue? 35 How would you know if your organization were sustainable? 40 Conclusion 43 Chapter 2¿Change Agent/Sustainability Coordinator¿How to keep a sustainability effort on track 46 What You Should Know About Sustainability 46 Strategies You Can Use 49 Change agents with no formal authority 50 Begin within your span of control 50 Plant seeds 50 Discussion groups 51 Green teams 52 Sustainability coordinators with formal authority 52 Steering committees 52 Task forces and project teams 53 Individuals 54 Award programs and certification systems 54 Sustainability Management System 54 Conclusion 55 SCORE the Sustainability Coordinator 56 Part 2¿Sustainability by Industry Sector 59 Chapter 3¿Sustainability in Services and General Office Practices 59 What You Should Know About Sustainability 59 Strategies You Can Use 62 Clean up your own operations 62 Facilities 63 Technology 64 Paper products 65 Break room 66 Take responsibility for your ripples 67 Evaluate strategic threats 69 Explore emerging opportunities 70 Conclusion 72 SCORE Services and Office Practices 72 Chapter 4¿Sustainability in Manufacturing and Product Design 76 What You Should Know about Sustainability 76 Strategies You Can Use 80 Product Design 80 Design for environment 80 Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing 83 Gray lists, black lists and supply chain management 85 Green chemistry 87 Converting products to services 89 Biomimicry 90 Operations 91 Energy and greenhouse gases 91 Collaborate with the supply chain 94 Product certification 96 Zero waste 97 Extended producer responsibility, product stewardship and product take-back 100 Conclusion 102 SCORE Manufacturing 103 Chapter 5¿Sustainability in Government Agencies 107 What Should You Know about Sustainability 107 Strategies You Can Use 112 Spend tax dollars wisely, maximizing the benefit to society 112 Conserving energy 113 Take advantage of wasted resources 114 Streamline red tape 114 Employ green building practices 115 Invent new funding sources 116 See the municipality as a whole system 116 Provide infrastructure and security 117 Ensure security 118 Design efficient, vibrant urban spaces 119 Design effective public transportation 120 Protect the commons 122 Engineer market-based incentives 124 Reclaim public goods and charge the full cost 126 Create preserves 126 Adopt the Precautionary Principle 127 Implement regulations 128 Create a fair playing field 129 Privatize the resource within the right boundaries 129 Get the numbers right 130 Eliminate perverse subsidies 132 Protect and help people who need it 134 Perform triage 134 Combat hunger 135 Provide housing 136 Guide us toward a better future 136 Model and encourage new behavior 137 Use purchasing as a way to drive markets 137 Develop social capital 138 Provide incentives and grants for needed research 139 Create audacious goals and policies 140 Sponsor award programs 141 Make information visible 142 Integrate sustainability into education 143 Equalize opportunities 144 Use public retirement accounts as a signal to business 146 Conclusion 147 SCORE Government 148 Part 3¿Sustainability by Organizational Function 152 Chapter 6 Senior Management¿How to lead the sustainability effort 152 What You Should Know about Sustainability 152 Strategies You Can Use 156 Assess threats, opportunities and constraints 157 Strategic planning 158 Scenario planning 159 Stakeholder management 160 Backcasting 161 Choose terms and frameworks 162 Alternative terms 162 Frameworks 164 Devising an implementation strategy and enlisting support 166 Pick the best entry point 167 Set up the best structure 168 Demonstrate support 169 Align business systems 171 Provide for transparency and stakeholder involvement 172 Sustainability reports 174 Partner with NGOs 174 Stakeholder engagement activities 175 Stakeholder audits 176 Conclusion 177 SCORE Senior management 177 Chapter 7¿Facilities¿How to save energy and water, improve productivity and reduce waste 181 What You Should Know about Sustainability 181 Strategies You Can Use 182 Construct/remodel a high-performance building 183 Daylighting 184 Site selection 185 Material selection 186 Mechanical systems 187 Construction waste 187 Operate the building efficiently 188 Commissioning 189 Energy management 189 Manage waste 190 Provide green cleaning and landscaping services 191 Manage transportation issues 193 Conclusion 194 SCORE Facilities 194 Chapter 8¿Human Resources¿How to Support the Change Process and Bolster Employee Commitment 198 What You Should Know about Sustainability 199 Strategies You Can Use 200 Introduce the concept to top executives 201 Consult on the implementation 203 Align human resources systems 204 Model appropriate behaviors 208 Measure the benefits 209 SCORE Human Resources 210 Chapter 9¿Purchasing¿How to Determine What to Buy and How to Work with Suppliers 213 What You Should Know about Sustainability 213 Strategies You Can Use 215 Purchasing practices 215 Adopt sustainable or environmentally preferable purchasing policies (EPP) 215 Embed EPP or sustainable choices into online systems 216 Embed sustainability language into RFPs and contracts 217 Use service contracts to align the interests of your vendors with your own 218 Implement a supply chain environmental management system 219 Buy green power 221 Create incentives and checklists for making more sustainable choices 222 Work with disadvantaged businesses and people as an economic development strategy 223 Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing 224 Purchasing projects 225 Conduct a waste or purchasing audit 226 Create a reliable market for a targeted product 227 Research sustainable alternatives for a specific function or product 229 Partner with an NGO 230 Conclusion 231 SCORE Purchasing 232 Chapter 10¿Environmental Affairs¿How to support the move beyond compliance and eco-efficiencies to sustainability 235 What You Should Know About Sustainability 235 Strategies You Can Use 237 Environmental management system 237 Chemical management system 239 Chemical substitution 240 Green chemistry 241 Conclusion 242 SCORE Environmental affairs 242 Chapter 11¿Marketing/Public Relations¿Whether and how to promote your sustainability efforts 246 What You Should Know about Sustainability 249 Strategies You Can Use 254 Community-based social marketing 254 Cause-related marketing 256 Labeling, Certification and Standards 257 Stakeholder involvement 257 Sustainability reporting 258 Market transformation 258 Conclusion 260 SCORE Marketing and Public Relations 260 Chapter 12¿Accounting and Finance¿How to account for environmental and social impacts 264 What You Should Know about Sustainability 264 Strategies You Can Use 269 Develop a metrics framework and report on results 270 The Natural Step 271 Triple Bottom Line/Three Es 273 Sustainability or Environmental Management System 273 Organization¿s vision or values 274 Determine what is ¿better¿ 276 Activity-based costing 277 Life cycle costing (LCC) 278 Life cycle assessment (LCA) 279 Decision tools to balance trade-offs 281 Brainstorm how to add more value 281 Weighted criteria charts 281 Compare a sustainability rating with cost 282 Conclusion 283 SCORE Finance and Accounting 284 Appendix A¿Sustainability Frameworks and Tools 287 Appendix B¿Certification Schemes 292 Notes 293 About the Authors 300
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Management -- Environmental aspects.
Sustainable development.
Environmentalism.