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CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE? History of Industrial Hygiene A Matter of Perception and Function OSHA/NIOSH AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE: WORKPLACE STRESSORS INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE: AREAS OF CONCERN Industrial Toxicology What is Toxicology? Air Contaminants Routes of Entry INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE HAZARDS ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS Engineering Controls Workplace Controls Administrative Controls Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) REFERENCES CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE TERMINOLOGY INTRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE/SAFETY TERMINOLOGY REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS CHAPTER 3 HAZARD COMMUNICATION, OELs, AIR MONITORING/ SAMPLING HAZARD COMMUNICATION Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) HAZCOM and the Industrial Hygienist Written Hazard Communication Program HAZCOM Audit Items Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on HAZCOM OCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS (OELs) OELs AIR MONITORING/SAMPLING Air Sample Volume Limits of Detection (LOD) Limits of Quantification (LOQ) Precision, Accuracy, and Bias Calibration Requirements Types of Air Sampling Analytical Methods for Gases and Vapors Air Monitoring versus Air Sampling AIR SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE PARTICULATES Dusts Duration of Exposure Particle Size Stoke's Law Airborne Dust Concentration Particulate Collection Analysis of Particulates Health and Environmental Impact of Particulates Control of Particulates AIR SAMPLING FOR GASES AND VAPORS The Gas Laws Types of Air Samples Methods of Sampling Air Sampling Collection Processes Calibration of Air Sampling Equipment DIRECT READING INSTRUMENTS FOR AIR SAMPLING Types of Direct Reading Instruments Calibration of Direct-Reading Instruments AIR SAMPLING CALCULATIONS AIR MONITORING: CONFINED SPACE ENTRY Monitoring Procedures REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING CHAPTER 4 INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ) & MOLD CONTROL INTRODUCTION WHAT IS INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ)? Why is IAQ Important to Workplace Owners? WORKER SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR AIR QUALITY Workplace Building Associated Illnesses Building Factors Affecting Indoor Air Quality Types of Pollutants Sources of Indoor Air Pollutants Indoor Contaminant Transport Common Airflow Pathways Ventilation MAJOR IAQ CONTAMINANTS ASBESTOS EXPOUSRE Permissible Exposure Limits Exposure Monitoring Competent Person Regulated Areas Methods of Compliance Respirators Labels Protective Clothing Training Recordkeeping Hygiene Facilities and Practices Medical Exams SILICA EXPOSURE Guidelines for Control of Occupational Exposure to Silica FORMALDEHYDE (HCHO) EXPOSURE LEAD EXPOSURE Health Effects of Lead Lead Standard Definitions Worker Lead Protection Program MOLD CONTROL Mold Prevention Mold Remediation Mold Cleanup Methods CHECKLIST FOR MOLD REMEDIATION IAQ EQUATIONS REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING CHAPTER 5 NOISE & VIBRATION INTRODUCTION OSHA NOISE CONTROL REQUIREMENTS NOISE AND HEARING LOSS TERMINOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE DETERMINING WORKPLACE NOISE LEVELS ENGINEERING CONTROL FOR INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AUDIOMETRIC TESTING HEARING CONSERVATION: WRITTEN PROGRAM (Sample) HEARING LOSS PREVENTION - FREQUENTLY ASKD QUESTIONS HEARING CONSERBATION ANNUAL PROGRAM EVALUATION CHECKLIST NOISE UNITS, RELATIONSHIPS & EQUATIONS INDUSTRIAL VIBRATION CONTROL REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING CHAPTER 6 RADIATION INTRODUCTION RADIATION SAFETY PROGRAM ACRONMS AND DEFINITIONS Abbreviations Typically used in Radiation Safety Programs Typical Program Definitions IONIZING RADIATION Effective Half-Life ALPHA RADIATION Alpha Radiation Detectors BETA RADIATION Beta Detector Instrumentation Shielding for Beta Radiation GAMMA RADIATION AND X-RAYS Shielding for Gamma and X-Rays RADIOACTIVE DECAY EQUATIONS RADIOACTIVE DOSE NON-IONIZING RADIATION Optical Density (D) OSHA's RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS RADIATION EXPOSURE CONTROLS RADIATION EXPOSURE TRAINING REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING CHAPTER 7 THERMAL STRESS INTRODUCTION Causal Factors THERMAL COMFORT The Body's Response to Heat HEAT DISORDERS AND HEALTH EFFECTS INVESTIGATION GUIDELINES Employer and Employee Interviews Walkaround Inspection Work-Load Assessment SAMPLING METHODS HEAT STRESS SAMPLE MEASUREMENT/CALCULATION Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer THERMAL STRESS CONTROL Acclimatization Fluid Replacement Engineering Controls Administrative Controls and Work Practices Worker Monitoring Programs Other Administrative Controls PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Auxiliary Body Cooling Respirator Usage HEAT STRESS COMPLIANCE CHECKLIST Workplace Description Are Exposures Typical for a Workplace in this Industry? Work Practices to Detect, Evaluate, and Prevent or Reduce Heat Stress Heat Stress-Related Illness or Accidental Follow Up COLD STRESS Evaluation of Cold Stress Windchill Factors REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING CHAPTER 8 VENTILATION INTRODUCTION VENTILATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS CONCEPTS OF VENTILATION Local Exhaust Ventilation General and Dilution Ventilation VENTILATION INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS Health Effects Standards, Codes, and OSHA Regulations INVESTIGATIVE GUIDELINES Investigative Process Faulty Ventilation Conditions and Causes Documentation Equipment Operability Measurements Good Practices PREVENTION AND CONTROL Elements of a Good Maintenance Program Dealing with microorganisms Volatile Organic or Reactive Chemicals Tobacco Smoke in Air FACTS, CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE PROBLEMS General Overview Facts and Concepts to Know REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING CHAPTER 9 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) INTRODUCTION Example 9.1 OSHA's PPE STANDARD OSHA's PPE Requirement Hazard Assessment PPE Training Requirements HEAD PROTECTION HAND PROTECTION EYE AND FACE PROTECTION FOOT PROTECTION FULL BOYD PROTECITON: CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING DESCRIPTION OF PROTECTIVE Protective Clothing Applications The Clothing Ensemble Levels of Protection Clothing Selection factors Classification of Protective Clothing Material Chemical Resistance DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES Prevention of Contamination Types of Contaminants Decontamination Methods INSPECTION, STORAGE, AND MAINTENANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Inspection Storage Maintenance PROTECTIVE CLOTHING TRAINING RISKS OF WARING PROTECTIVE CLOTHING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) TRAINING GUIDE (Sample) PPE: The Bottom Line Example 9.2 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Introduction WRITTEN RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM (Sample) RESPIRATOR PROGRAM EVALUATION RESPIRATORY PROTECTION SAMPLE EVALUATION CHECKLIST Respiratory Program Evaluation Checklist CHAPTER SUMMARY REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING CHAPTER 10 TOXICOLOGY: BIOLOGICAL & CHEMICAL HAZARDS INTRODUCTION BASIC TOXICOLOGY What Makes a Substance Toxic? What is a Poison? Toxicology and Risk The Industrial Hygienist and Limiting Exposure LD50/LC50 Dose-Response Route of Entry Other Pertinent Toxicological Definitions Significant Chemical and Biological Toxins and Effects Factors Affecting Toxicity Classifications of Toxic Materials Target Systems/Organs Commonly Affected by Toxins Carcinogen, Mutagens, and Teratogens EXPOSURE SENSITIVE OCCUPATIONS HAZARDOUS WASTE Introduction America: A Throwaway Society What is a Hazardous Substance? RCRA Hazardous Substance So, what is a Hazardous Waste? EPA Lists of Hazardous wastes Where do Hazardous Wastes come from? Why are we concerned about Hazardous Wastes? Hazardous Waste Legislation Resource Conservation and Recovery Act CERCLA OSHA Hazardous Waste Safety Program REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING CHAPTER 11 ERGONOMICS INTRODUCTION Social Significance of Ergonomics An Effective Ergonomics Program WHAT ARE CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS (CTD)? Symptoms of Cumulative Trauma Disorders What does the Scientific Literature tell us about CDT? LOWER BACK INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAMS Causes of Back Injury Approaches to Controlling On-The-Job Back Injuries Back Injury Prevention and the Industrial Hygienist Administrative Controls Engineering Controls When to Employ Administrative and Engineering Controls Box 11.1 Using the NIOSH Work Practice Guide for Manual Lifting Low Back Pain and Standing Other Considerations ELEMENTS OF AN ERGONOMICS PROGRAM Hazard Identification Hazard Prevention and Control Management Commitment & Employee Participation Medical Management Program Evaluation Training VDT ERGONOMICS PROGRAM VDT Workstations Work Environment VDT ERGONOMIC CHECKLIST REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING CHAPTER 12 ENGINEERING DESIGN AND CONTROLS INTRODUCTION CODES AND STANDARDS PLANT LAYOUT Illumination High Hazard Potential Work Areas Personal and Sanitation Facilities Summary RERERENCES SUGGESTED READING
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Industrial hygiene.
Industrial safety.
Occupational Health.
Environmental Health.
Safety Management.
Workplace -- organization & administration.