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Contents Preface Acknowledgments Part I: Research and Writing: From Planning to Production, by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams 1 Overview of Part I 000 1 What Research Is and How Researchers Think about It 000 1.1 How Researchers Think about Their Aims 000 1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That Researchers Ask 000 2 Moving from a Topic to a Question to a Working Hypothesis 000 2.1 Find a Question in Your Topic 000 2.2 Propose Some Working Answers 000 2.3 Build a Storyboard to Plan and Guide Your Work 000 2.4 Organize a Writing Support Group 000 3 Finding Useful Sources 000 3.1 Understand the Kinds of Sources Readers Expect You to Use 000 3.2 Record Your Sources Fully, Accurately, and Appropriately 000 3.3 Search for Sources Systematically 000 3.4 Evaluate Sources for Relevance and Reliability 000 3.5 Look beyond the Usual Kinds of References 000 4 Engaging Sources 000 4.1 Read Generously to Understand, Then Critically to Engage and Evaluate 000 4.2 Take Notes Systematically 000 4.3 Take Useful Notes 000 4.4 Write as You Read 000 4.5 Review Your Progress 000 4.6 Manage Moments of Normal Panic 000 5 Planning Your Argument 000 5.1 What a Research Argument Is and Is Not 000 5.2 Build Your Argument around Answers to Readers¿ Questions 000 5.3 Turn Your Working Hypothesis into a Claim 000 5.4 Assemble the Elements of Your Argument 000 5.5 Distinguish Arguments Based on Evidence from Arguments Based on Warrants 000 5.6 An Argument Assembled 000 6 Planning a First Draft 000 6.1 Avoid Unhelpful Plans 000 6.2 Create a Plan That Meets Your Readers¿ Needs 000 6.3 File Away Leftovers 000 7 Drafting Your Report 000 7.1 Draft in the Way That Feels Most Comfortable 000 7.2 Develop Productive Drafting Habits 000 7.3 Use Your Key Terms to Keep Yourself on Track 000 7.4 Quote, Paraphrase, and Summarize Appropriately 000 7.5 Integrate Quotations into Your Text 000 7.6 Use Footnotes and Endnotes Judiciously 000 7.7 Interpret Complex or Detailed Evidence before You Offer It 000 7.8 Be Open to Surprises 000 7.9 Guard against Inadvertent Plagiarism 000 7.10 Guard against Inappropriate Help 000 7.11 Work through Chronic Procrastination and Writer¿s Block 000 8 Presenting Evidence in Tables and Figures 000 8.1 Choose Verbal or Visual Representations 000 8.2 Choose the Most Effective Graphic 000 8.3 Design Tables and Figures 000 8.4 Communicate Data Ethically 000 9 Revising Your Draft 000 9.1 Check Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Claim 000 9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Report Is Coherent 000 9.3 Check Your Paragraphs 000 9.4 Let Your Draft Cool, Then Paraphrase It 000 10 Writing Your Final Introduction and Conclusion 000 10.1 Draft Your Final Introduction 000 10.2 Draft Your Final Conclusion 000 10.3 Write Your Title Last 000 11 Revising Sentences 000 11.1 Focus on the First Seven or Eight Words of a Sentence 000 11.2 Diagnose What You Read 000 11.3 Choose the Right Word 000 11.4 Polish It Off 000 11.5 Give It Up and Print It Out 000 12 Learning from Your Returned Paper 000 12.1 Find General Principles in Specific Comments 000 12.2 Talk to Your Instructor 000 13 Presenting Research in Alternative Forums 000 13.1 Plan Your Oral Presentation 000 13.2 Design Your Presentation to Be Listened To 000 13.3 Plan Your Poster Presentation 000 13.4 Plan Your Conference Proposal 000 14 On the Spirit of Research 000 000 Part II: Source Citation 000 15 General Introduction to Citation Practices 000 15.1 Reasons for Citing Your Sources 000 15.2 The Requirements of Citation 000 15.3 Two Citation Styles 000 15.4 Citation of Electronic Sources 000 15.5 Preparation of Citations 000 15.6 A Word on Citation Software 000 16 Notes-Bibliography Style: The Basic Form 000 16.1 Basic Patterns 000 16.2 Bibliographies 000 16.3 Notes 000 16.4 Short Forms for Notes 000 17 Notes-Bibliography Style: Citing Specific Types of Sources 000 17.1 Books 000 17.2 Journal Articles 000 17.3 Magazine Articles 000 17.4 Newspaper Articles 000 17.5 Additional Types of Published Sources 000 17.6 Unpublished Sources 000 17.7 Informally Published Electronic Sources 000 17.8 Sources in the Visual and Performing Arts 000 17.9 Public Documents 000 17.10 One Source Quoted in Another 000 18 Parenthetical Citations¿Reference List Style: The Basic Form 000 18.1 Basic Patterns 000 18.2 Reference Lists 000 18.3 Parenthetical Citations 000 19 Parenthetical Citations¿Reference List Style: Citing Specific Types of Sources 000 19.1 Books 000 19.2 Journal Articles 000 19.3 Magazine Articles 000 19.4 Newspaper Articles 000 19.5 Additional Types of Published Sources 000 19.6 Unpublished Sources 000 19.7 Informally Published Electronic Sources 000 19.8 Sources in the Visual and Performing Arts 000 19.9 Public Documents 000 19.10 One Source Quoted in Another 000 000 Part III: Style 000 20 Spelling 000 20.1 Plurals 000 20.2 Possessives 000 20.3 Compounds and Words Formed with Prefixes 000 20.4 Line Breaks 000 21 Punctuation 000 21.1 Period 000 21.2 Comma 000 21.3 Semicolon 000 21.4 Colon 000 21.5 Question Mark 000 21.6 Exclamation Point 000 21.7 Hyphen and Dashes 000 21.8 Parentheses and Brackets 000 21.9 Slashes 000 21.10 Quotation Marks 000 21.11 Multiple Punctuation Marks 000 22 Names, Special Terms, and Titles of Works 000 22.1 Names 000 22.2 Special Terms 000 22.3 Titles of Works 000 23 Numbers 000 23.1 Words or Numerals? 000 23.2 Plurals and Punctuation 000 23.3 Date Systems 000 23.4 Numbers Used outside the Text 000 24 Abbreviations 000 24.1 General Principles 000 24.2 Names and Titles 000 24.3 Geographical Terms 000 24.4 Time and Dates 000 24.5 Units of Measure 000 24.6 The Bible and Other Sacred Works 000 24.7 Abbreviations in Citations and Other Scholarly Contexts 000 25 Quotations 000 25.1 Quoting Accurately and Avoiding Plagiarism 000 25.2 Incorporating Quotations into Your Text 000 25.3 Modifying Quotations 000 26 Tables and Figures 000 26.1 General Issues 000 26.2 Tables 000 26.3 Figures 000 Appendix: Paper Format and Submission 000 A.1 General Format Requirements 000 A.2 Format Requirements for Specific Elements 000 A.3 Submission Requirements 000 Bibliography 000 Authors 000 Index 000
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Dissertations, Academic -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Academic writing -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.