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Contents List of Figures ix List of Tables x List of Appendices xii Preface xiii Acknowledgment xvi List of Abbreviations xvii 1 Population Control Policy¿Problems of Assumptions 1 Summary 1 The Policy 1 The Assumptions 4 Alternative Hypotheses 5 Issues to Investigate 6 Organization of the Book 7 References 8 2 Population Control Policy and Working Poor Behavior¿An Analysis of Incompatibility 11 Summary 11 Introduction 11 Population Policy 13 Working Poor Behavior 15 Evidence from Bangladesh 16 Conclusions 26 References 27 3 Irrational Fertility Behavior Hypothesis¿An Empirical Examination, 1998-2000 Data 31 Summary 31 Introduction 31 The Data 33 Estimation and Results 37 Irrationality Hypothesis¿Fertility Causes Poverty 37 OLS Estimates of Poverty 39 Irrationality Hypothesis ¿Ignorance Causes Unregulated Fertility 40 OLS and OLS-IV Estimates of Contraception Use 41 Conclusions 43 References 47 4 Irrational Fertility Behavior Hypothesis ¿Further Evidence, 2001-2005 Data 49 Summary 49 Introduction 49 The Data 50 Estimation and Results 52 Irrationality Hypothesis¿Fertility Causes Poverty 53 OLS Estimates of Poverty 54 Irrationality Hypothesis ¿Ignorance Causes Unregulated Fertility 54 OLS and OLS-IV Estimates of Contraception Use 54 Conclusions 56 References 57 5 Child Participation, Nature of Work, and Fertility Demand ¿A Theoretical Analysis 59 Summary 59 Introduction 60 A Model of Differential Fertility 62 Fertility Results 65 Non-Monotonicity in Landholding-Fertility Relationship and Empirical Contradictions 70 Conclusions 73 References 78 6 The Observed Landholding-Fertility Relationship ¿Is It Monotonic? 83 Summary 83 Introduction 83 A Non-Monotonic Functional Relationship 84 Data and Estimation 90 Conclusions 102 References 107 7 Poverty and Fertility ¿Evidence and Policy Implications, 1998-2000 Data 113 Summary 113 Introduction 113 Empirical Results 114 OLS and OLS-IV Estimates of Female Participation in Economic Activities 114 Two-Stage Least Squares Estimates of Poverty 117 OLS and Two-Stage Least Squares Estimates of Fertility 119 Policy Implications 122 Conclusions 125 References 127 8 Poverty and Fertility¿Further Evidence, 2001-2005 Data 129 Summary 129 Introduction 129 Estimation 129 OLS and OLS-IV Estimates of Female Participation in Economic Activities 130 Two-Stage Least Squares Estimates of Poverty 133 OLS and Two-Stage Least Squares Estimates of fertility 133 Policy Implications 135 Conclusions 138 References 139 9 Poverty Eradication Policies 141 Summary 141 Introduction 141 Concept of Poverty 143 Conditions of Poverty 144 Effects of Landlessness 144 Effects of Low-Wage Labor Markets 145 Distributional Inequity 145 Effects of Lack of Education and Training 145 Policy Recommendations 146 Providing Resources to the Poor 146 Generating Gainful Employment Opportunities 147 Reducing Inequity 148 Teaching Physical Hygiene and Nutrition 148 Resources for the Policy 149 Conclusions 149 References 151 10 Concluding Remarks 155 Summary 155 The Findings 155 Policy Recommendations 157 Suggestions for Further Research 158 Reference 159 Index 161
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Developing countries -- Population policy.
Developing countries -- Economic policy.
Poverty -- Developing countries.
Birth control -- Developing countries.