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Table of Contents Foreword by Stephen Feinstein Director, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Preface Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Roots of Anti-Semitism 3 Introduction 5 1.1 Anti-Semitism from a Christian Religious Leader ¿ 1543 9 Excerpt from ¿On Jews and Their Lies¿ by Martin Luther 1.2 Arguing the Superiority of the ¿Aryan¿ Race ¿ 1853 15 Excerpt from The Moral and Intellectual Diversity of Races by Joseph Arthur Comte de Gobineau 1.3 Racist Theory on Aryans and Jews ¿ 1899 20 Excerpt from The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century by Houston Stewart Chamberlain 1.4 The Myth of a Jewish Conspiracy ¿ 1903 27 Excerpt from Protocols of the Meetings of the Zionist Men of Wisdom Chapter 2: World War I and the Rise of the Nazi Party 31 Introduction 33 2.1 The Treaty of Versailles ¿ 1919 37 Text of the Treaty of Peace Between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany 2.2 The Nazis Spell Out Their Political Goals ¿ 1920 43 Program of the National Socialist German Workers¿ Party 2.3 Social and Economic Upheaval in Postwar Germany ¿ 1920s 47 Excerpt from The World of Yesterday by Stefan Zweig 2.4 Hitler Casts Himself as a Patriot ¿ 1923 51 Excerpts from Adolf Hitler¿s Trial Address after the Beer Hall Putsch 2.5 Hitler Rages against the Jews ¿ 1923 53 Excerpt from Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler 2.6 A Childhood Shadowed by Anti-Semitism ¿ 1920s 62 Holocaust Survivor Henry Oertelt Remembers the Brown Shirts 2.7 Germany¿s ¿Enabling Law¿ ¿ 1933 63 Text of the Law to Remove the Distress of People and State Chapter 3: Persecution by Law 65 Introduction 67 3.1 ¿Aryan Heritage¿ Enters the German Legal System ¿ 1933 69 Text of the Law for the Reestablishment of the Professional Civil Service 3.2 Hitler Blocks ¿Non-Aryans¿ from the German Government ¿ 1933 72 Text of the Law Changing the Regulations in Regard to Public Officers 3.3 Annihilating the Adversaries ¿ 1933-34 73 Statement about Nazi Persecution by Rudolf Diels 3.4 The Nuremberg Laws ¿ 1935 75 Text of the Reich Citizenship Law 3.5 The Nazis Define Jewishness ¿ 1935 76 Text of the First Regulation to the Reich Citizenship Law 3.6 Hitler Outlaws Sexual Relations between Jews and Citizens 78 of ¿German Blood¿ ¿ 1935 Text of the Law for the Protection of the German Blood and of the German Honor 3.7 The Third Reich Inventories Jewish Wealth ¿ 1938 80 Text of the Decree for the Reporting of Jewish Owned Property 3.8 Nazi Decrees on Jewish Names ¿ 1938 82 Text of the Second Decree on the Change of First and Family Names 3.9 The ¿Marking¿ of the Jews ¿ 1941 83 Reinhard Heydrich Mandates that Jews Wear Star of David Badges Chapter 4: Pressure and Propaganda 85 Introduction 87 4.1 The Practice of ¿Jew Baiting¿ ¿ 1933 89 Text of a Memorandum from the Third Reich¿s Propaganda Department 4.2 ¿Cluster Round the Swastika Banner¿ ¿ 1933 90 Songs of the Hitler Youth 4.3 Witness to a Nazi Party Rally ¿ 1934 92 Excerpt from Berlin Diary, by William L. Shirer 4.4 The S.S. Calls You ¿ 1930s 96 Text of an S.S. Recruitment Pamphlet 4.5 Anti-Jewish Propaganda at the Local Level ¿ 1935 98 Text of a Nazi Memorandum on Anti-Jewish Posters 4.6 Nazi Propaganda at Its Crudest ¿ 1935 99 Text of an Anti-Semitic Leaflet 4.7 Poisoning the Minds of Children ¿ 1935 101 Text of ¿The Cuckoo and the Jew¿ by Helga Gerbling 4.8 Anti-Semitism in Children¿s Storybooks ¿ 1938 102 Excerpt from The Poisonous Mushroom by Ernst Hiemer 4.9 Julius Streicher and the Anti-Semitic Newspaper Der Stürmer ¿ 1934 103 Text of an Article from Der Stürmer by Martin Froehling 4.10 Testimony about the Corrosive Effects of Anti-Jewish Propaganda ¿ 1930s 104 Excerpt from an Interview with a German Jew in the Third Reich 4.11 Propaganda for the Rest of the World ¿ 1938 105 Excerpt from ¿National Socialist Racial Thought,¿ by Walter Gross Chapter 5: Kristallnacht 109 Introduction 111 5.1 The Night of Broken Glass ¿ 1938 113 Text of Kristallnacht Instructions Issued by Reinhard Heydrich 5.2 Waiting for Kristallnacht to Arrive ¿ 1938 115 Excerpt from an Interview with Henry Oertelt, a Jewish Witness of Kristallnacht in Berlin 5.3 A Jewish Orphanage Under Attack ¿ 1938 116 Excerpt from an Account of Kristallnacht Violence by a Jewish Orphanage Director 5.4 The Nazis Seize Jewish Assets ¿ 1938 119 Decree Relating to the Payment of a Fine by the Jews by Hermann Göring 5.5 Göring Crushes Jewish Businesses and Livelihoods ¿ 1938 120 Text of the Decree Relating to the Exclusion of Jews from the German Economic Life 5.6 The Nazis Force Jews to Pay for Kristallnacht Damages ¿ 1938 122 Text of the Decree for the Restoration of the Appearance of the Streets in the Case of Jewish Business Enterprises 5.7 The Nazis Act to Curb Jewish Freedom of Movement ¿ 1938 122 Text of Police Regulation of the Appearance of Jews in Public Chapter 6: Voluntary Emigration before the War 125 Introduction 127 6.1 Jewish Emigration to England ¿ 1933 129 Excerpt from a Speech by Adolf Hitler 6.2 Plotting to Push Jews out of Germany ¿ 1939 130 German Foreign Ministry Memorandum on Policy Regarding Jews in 1938 6.3 Angels of Frankfurt ¿ 1939 134 Recalling Terror and Kindness in Nazi Germany Chapter 7: War and Forced Resettlement 139 Introduction 141 7.1 Hitler Defends the Invasion of Poland ¿ 1939 145 Adolf Hitler¿s September 1, 1939, Speech before the Reichstag 7.2 Creating Jewish Ghettos ¿ 1939 151 Reinhard Heydrich¿s Resettlement Instructions to the Chiefs of the Einsatzgruppen 7.3 Directive for the Deportation of Jews and Poles ¿ 1939 156 Excerpt from an SS Memorandum 7.4 A German General Objects to Nazi Policies ¿ 1940 158 Letter Protesting the Treatment of Jews and Poles by Johannes Blaskowitz 7.5 The Madagascar Plan ¿ 1940 159 Excerpt from a Memorandum by Nazi Official Franz Rademacher 7.6 Nazi Deportation of German Jews ¿ 1940 161 Nazi Report on the Deportation of Jews from Baden and the Palatinate 7.7 Stuttgart Jews Receive An Evacuation Notice ¿ 1941 162 Excerpt from a Notice of Evacuation Issued by the Jewish Cultural Association of Württemberg 7.8 The Nazis Widen Their Net ¿ 1942 164 Foreign Office Notice of Evacuation of Jews from Foreign Territories 7.9 Seizure of Jewish Art Possessions ¿ 1943 165 Letter and Report from Alfred Rosenberg to Adolf Hitler Chapter 8: Arriving at the ¿Final Solution¿ 169 Introduction 171 8.1 The First Nazi Sterilization Laws ¿ 1933 175 The Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring 8.2 Hitler Approves ¿Mercy Deaths¿ ¿ 1939 176 Adolf Hitler Endorses the Nazi T-4 Program 8.3 Church Officials Protest Nazi Euthanasia Policies ¿ 1941 177 Text of a Letter from Antonius Hilfrich, the Bishop of Limburg 8.4 Hitler Addresses the ¿Jewish Question¿ ¿ 1939 179 Excerpt from a January 1939 Speech by Adolf Hitler 8.5 Authorizing the ¿Complete Solution¿ ¿ 1941 182 Text of a Letter from Hermann Göring to Reinhard Heydrich 8.6 Targeting Jews for ¿Liquidation¿ in Poland ¿ 1941 183 Excerpt from a Speech by Hans Frank 8.7 Heinrich Himmler Discusses ¿Extermination of the Jewish Race¿ ¿ 1943 185 Excerpt from a Speech at the Meeting of S.S. Major-Generals Chapter 9: Atrocities in the War Zones 187 Introduction 189 9.1 Murder in the Ukraine ¿ 1942 191 Statement on the Killings at Dubno, Ukraine, by Hermann Friedrich Graebe 9.2 Operations of Einsatzgruppen ¿Action-Groups¿ ¿ 1941 194 Excerpts from a Report by an Action-Group Commander 9.3 Jewish Labor and the German War Effort ¿ 1941 198 Letter from an Armament Inspector in the Ukraine 9.4 Non-German Participation in the Murder of Jews ¿ 1941 201 An Account of the Liquidation of the Borissov Ghetto 9.5 Rationalizing the Massacre of Jews ¿ 1942 203 Memo on the ¿Combating of Partisans and Action against Jews in the District General of White Ruthenia¿ 9.6 Questioning German Pacification Tactics ¿ 1943 205 Excerpts from a German Officer¿s Memo on the Pacification of Occupied Eastern Territory 9.7 Dealing Death in the Ukraine ¿ 1942 206 Excerpts of Letters from an Einsatzkommando Chapter 10: Life and Death in the Ghetto 209 Introduction 211 10.1 The Struggle to Find Food in the Lódz Ghetto ¿ 1941 213 Excerpt from The Diary of Dawid Sierakowiak 10.2 The ¿Great Action¿ in Lithuania ¿ 1941 217 Excerpt from Surviving the Holocaust: The Kovno Ghetto Diary by Avraham Tory 10.3 Lithuanian Participation in the ¿Great Action¿ in the Kovno Ghetto ¿ 1941 225 Excerpt from an Interview with Holocaust Survivor Marcia Ceitlin Spies 10.4 A Warsaw Ghetto Resettlement Notice ¿ 1943 227 Text of an Announcement from S.S. Officer Hermann Höfle 10.5 Life in Warsaw Under the Shadow of the Swastika ¿ 1942 228 Excerpt from Scroll of Agony by Chaim A. Kaplan 10.6 Deportation of Children from the Lódz Ghetto ¿ 1942 234 Excerpt from an Address by Judenrat Leader Mordechai Rumkowski 10.7 Rumors of the Holocaust in the Warsaw Ghetto - 1944 236 Excerpt from a Report by Yitzhak Cukierman 10.8 Liquidation of the Rowno Ghetto ¿ 1942 237 Excerpt from Testimony by Hermann Freidrich Graebe Chapter 11: Murder in the Concentration Camps 241 Introduction 243 11.1 Nazi Use of Murderous ¿Gas Vans¿ ¿ 1942 247 Excerpt from a Report on the Effectiveness of Gas Van Operations 11.2 Deathwatch at Belzec ¿ 1942 249 Kurt Gerstein Recalls Genocidal Procedures at the Nazi Death Camps 11.3 The Commander at Auschwitz Recalls His Genocidal Work ¿ 1940-1943 253 Excerpt from Rudolf Höss¿s Testimony before the International Military Tribunal 11.4 A Holocaust Survivor Recalls His Journey to the Death Camps ¿ 1944 258 Excerpt from Night by Elie Wiesel 11.5 Arrival and Survival at Auschwitz-Birkenau ¿ 1944 263 Excerpt from an Interview with Holocaust Survivor David Mandel 11.6 A French Political Prisoner at Auschwitz ¿ 1943-1945 266 Excerpt from the Nuremberg Testimony of Marie Claude Vaillant-Couturier 11.7 Sorting Valuables at Auschwitz-Birkenau ¿ 1944-1945 272 Holocaust Survivor George Gottlieb Recalls His Work as Part of the ¿Canada Group¿ 11.8 The Collection of Jewish Assets at the Reichsbank ¿ 1942-1945 275 Excerpt from a Statement by Emil Puhl, Director of the Reichsbank 11.9 A Buchenwald Inmate Remembers Nazi Medical Experiments ¿ 1944-1945 277 Excerpt from Alfred Balachowsky¿s Testimony at Nuremberg 11.10 The Nazi Order for the Evacuation or Liquidation of Prisoners ¿ 1944 280 Excerpt from a Nazi Memorandum on the ¿Clearance of Prisons¿ Chapter 12: Resistance 283 Introduction 285 12.1 A Defiant Voice in Munich ¿ 1942 287 Text of the Second Leaflet Issued by The White Rose 12.2 Resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto ¿ 1943 289 Text of a Pamphlet Distributed by the Jewish Military Organization in the Warsaw Ghetto 12.3 Communique from the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ¿ 1943 291 Excerpt from a Letter Written by Mordecai Anilewicz 12.4 Battling German Troops in the Streets of Warsaw ¿ 1943 292 Excerpt from a Shoah Interview with Simha Rottem 12.5 ¿The Warsaw Ghetto is No More¿ ¿ 1943 294 Official Report on the Destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto by Jürgen Stroop 12.6 An S.S. Commander Describes Jewish Resistance 299 Efforts in One Polish District ¿ 1943 Excerpt from ¿Solution of the Jewish Problem in the District of Galicia¿ by Fritz Katzmann Chapter 13: Hiding and Escape 303 Introduction 305 13.1 A Jewish Girl Recalls Going into Hiding ¿ 1942 307 Except from Clara¿s Story by Clara Isaacman 13.2 Escaping the Death March ¿ 1945 313 Excerpt from an Interview with Holocaust Survivor David Mandel 13.3 ¿Some People Were Very Nice¿ ¿ 1944-1945 316 Holocaust Survivor Erna Roth Anolik Recalls Hiding Out during the War¿s Final Months Chapter 14: Liberation 321 Introduction 323 14.1 Arrival of the Americans ¿ 1945 325 Excerpt from an Interview with Auschwitz Survivor George Gottlieb 14.2 Striving to Survive Until Liberation ¿ 1945 329 Excerpt from an Interview with Holocaust Survivor Henry Oertelt 14.3 A Final Spasm of Hatred ¿ 1945 331 The Last Political Testament of Adolf Hitler 14.4 Liberation from Theresienstadt ¿ 1945 335 Excerpt from the Testimony of Shmuel Krakowski Chapter 15: Reflection and Remembrance 339 Introduction 341 15.1 The Long Reach of the Holocaust ¿ 1986 345 Excerpt from Maus II: And Here My Troubles Began by Art Spiegelman 15.2 Bearing Witness ¿ 1996 349 Excerpt from an Interview with Holocaust Survivor David Mandel 15.3 ¿I Don¿t Know the Answer¿ ¿ 1995 350 Excerpt from an Interview with Holocaust Survivor Peter Hersch 15.4 ¿I Have Tried to Fight Those Who Would Forget¿ ¿ 1986 352 Text of Elie Wiesel¿s Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech 15.5 Commemorating the Holocaust ¿ 2005 355 Text of the European Parliament¿s ¿Resolution on Remembrance of the Holocaust, Anti-Semitism, and Racism¿ Glossary Leading Figures of the Holocaust 359 Holocaust Terms 360 Chronology 363 Photo Credits 371 Further Reading 373 Index 379
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) -- Sources.