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THE HORSE'S MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY ANATOMY OF LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Biomechanics Directional Terms Anatomical Planes Structure of Bone The Synovial Joint Ligaments Anatomy of a Tendon The Skeletal Muscles The Skeleton and Joints Biomechanics of Locomotion Biomechanics of the Foot Stay Apparatus of the Forelimb Stay Apparatus of the Hindlimb 2 Conformation Conformation of the Foot 13 The Hoof & Hoof/Pastern Axis 13 Conformation of the Forelimb 16 The Shoulder Conformation 16 General Forelimb Conformation 16 Conformation of the Knee 19 Metacarpal Conformation 20 Conformation of the Pastern 20 Hindlimb Conformation 21 3 Shoulder Bony Anatomy of the Shoulder 25 Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle 26 Practical Applications of the Shoulder Girdle Muscles 29 Muscles That Function as Ligaments in the Shoulder 29 Neurological Supply to the Shoulder 31 Vascular Supply to the Shoulder 32 Anatomy of the Scapulohumeral Joint 32 4 Arm & Forearm Upper Arm Bony And Muscular Anatomy 34 Neurovascular Supply of the Arm Bony Anatomy of the Radius and Ulna 36 The Humeroradial (Elbow) Joint Muscles of the Forearm 38 Summary of Mucscle Functions 40 The Superior Check Ligament 40 Neurovascular Supply to the Forearm 40 5 Carpus (Knee) Bony Anatomy of the Carpus 41 Bony Anatomy of the Metacarpus 42 The Articulations of the Carpus 42 Movement of the Carpal Joints 44 Anatomy of the Suspensory Ligament 44 Anatomy of the Inferior Check Ligament 44 Neurovascular Supply to the Carpus and Metacarpus 45 6 Fetlock / Pastern Bony Anatomy of the Fetlock and Pastern 46 Insertion Sites for the Muscles 47 Ligamentous Structures of the Fetlock and Pastern 47 Vascular Supply to the Fetlock and Pastern 48 Neurological Supply to the Fetlock and Pastern 49 7 Forefoot Anatomy of the Equine Forefoot 50 Layers of the Hoof Regions of the Hoof 51 A Palmer View of the Hoof 51 The Corium 52 The Laminae 53 Neurovascular Supply to the Hoof 54 The Digital Cushion 55 The Coffin Bone 55 Anatomy of the Navicular Bone 56 The Distal Interphalangeal Joint 56 Ligaments Within the Hoof 56 8 Hip & Thigh Anatomy of the Pelvis 58 Anatomy of the Femur 60 The Sublumbar Musculature of the Pelvis 62 The Lateral Musculature of the Pelvis and Thigh 62 The Medial Musculature of the Pelvis and Thigh 64 The Cranial Musculature of the Pelvis and Thigh 65 The Neurovascular Supply to the Pelvis and Thigh 65 9 The Stifle Anatomy of the Stifle Joint 67 10 Tibia & Leg Anatomy of the Tibia 69 The Fibula 70Musculature of the Hind Leg 70 Neurovascular Supply to the Muscles of the Hind Limb 72 11 The Hock The Bones of the Hock 74 The Metatarsal Bones 75 The Hock Joint 76 The Ligamentous Structures of the Hock 76 The Hock Articulation 77 The Neurovascular Supply 78 12 Fetlock - Digits Anatomical Differences of the Fetlock, Pastern and Digit of the Hindlimb Versus the Forelimb 79 13 Back & Neck The Cervical Vertebrae 81 The Thoracic Vertebrae 82 The Lumbar Vertebrae 82The Sacrum 83 The Coccygeal Vertebrae 83 The Cervical Musculature 83 Musculature of the Thoraco- lumbar Spine 86 The Coccygeal Muscles 88 14 Myology General Myology 89 Microscopic Structure of Muscle 90 The Neuromuscular Junction 92 Excitation, Contraction and Relaxation 92
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Horses -- Anatomy -- Atlases.
Musculoskeletal system -- Anatomy -- Atlases.