Table of contents for Making markets for vaccines : from ideas to action / report of the Center for Global Development working group, Alice Albright, Michael Kremer, Ruth Levine, co-chairs.

Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog.

Note: Contents data are machine generated based on pre-publication provided by the publisher. Contents may have variations from the printed book or be incomplete or contain other coding.


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Table of COntents
Making Markets for Vaccines
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Policy highlights x
Summary A legacy of our generation 1
Chapter 1 We need to invest more in vaccines 6
Vaccines are important for global health 8
Millions die of vaccine-preventable diseases 9
More investment needed in vaccines for diseases concentrated in developing countries 10
Pharmaceutical development is a risky investment decision 11
The small market for vaccines for developing countries 13
Chapter 2 Promoting private investment in vaccine development 16
Drug development depends on both public and private investment 18
Possible incentives for commercial investment 21
Options for fi nancing R&D for neglected diseases of developing countries 22
The potential benefi ts of an advance market commitment 25
Chapter 3 A market not a prize 28
A practical advance market commitment 30
Commitments for late-stage and early-stage products 30
A sample advance market commitment for malaria 32
Advance market commitments for rotavirus and pneumococcus 34
Risks and benefi ts of an advance market commitment 36
An advance market commitment is only a partial solution 38
Chapter 4 Design choices 40
Legal issues: the contract structure 42
Eligibility requirements 44
Co-payment and the case against quantity guarantee 45
The guaranteed price 46
Two-stage pricing 46
Allowing second entrants but avoiding "me too" copies 47
Should we improve the terms over time? 47
Chapter 5 $3 billion per disease 48
Determining the size of the market needed 50
Is the commitment the right size? 52
Chapter 6 Meeting industry requirements 54
A range of industry requirements 56
The industry is diverse 56
Key industry requirements 57
Chapter 7 How sponsors can do it 58
Possible government sponsors 60
The World Bank 61
Foundations 62
The Global Alliance on Vaccines and Immunization and Vaccine Fund 63
Would sponsors pay twice? 64
Regulatory and procurement systems 67
The need for long-term contracting 68
Regulatory and procurement implications of advance market commitments 68
Where to read more 70
Notes 71
References 74
Appendix A Abbreviations 79
Appendix B Objectives of the Working Group 80
Appendix C Profi les of Working Group members 81
Appendix D Individuals consulted 87
Appendix E A tool to estimate cost effectiveness of an advance market commitment 89
Appendix F Contract term sheet for Framework Agreement 90
Schedule A to term sheet for Framework Agreement (Malaria) 102
Schedule B to draft term sheet for Framework Agreement (Malaria) 103
Appendix G Draft term sheet for Guarantee and Supply Agreement 104
Schedule A to draft term sheet for Guarantee and Supply Agreement 112
Schedule B to draft term sheet for Guarantee and Supply Agreement 112
Schedule C to draft term sheet for Guarantee and Supply Agreement 113

Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:

Vaccines industry -- Developing countries.
Vaccines -- Research -- Economic aspects -- Developing countries.
Pharmaceutical industry -- Developing countries.
Pharmaceuticals -- Developing countries.