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Contents Foreword, by Steven Weinberg Preface, by Laura Garwin and Tim Lincoln Chronology of twentieth-century science 1. Raymond Dart and our African origins C. K. Brain 1925 "Australopithecus africanus: the man-ape of South Africa" by Raymond A. Dart 2. Electrons make waves Akira Tonomura 1927 "The scattering of electrons by a single crystal of nickel" by C. Davisson and L. H. Germer 3. The atom completed Maurice Goldhaber 1932 "Possible existence of a neutron" by J. Chadwick 4. Superfluidity: a new state of matter Allan Griffin 1938 "Viscosity of liquid helium below the - point" by P. Kapitza 5. From nuclear physics to nuclear weapons Joseph Rotblat 1939 "Disintegration of uranium by neutrons: a new type of nuclear reaction" by Lise Meitner and O. R. Frisch 6. The double helix Sydney Brenner 1953 "A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid" by J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick 7. Dawn of structural biology Gregory A. Petsko 1958 "A three-dimensional model of the myoglobin molecule obtained by X-ray analysis" by J. C. Kendrew, G. Bodo, H. M. Dintzis, R. G. Parrish, H. Wyckoff, and D. C. Phillips 8. The first laser Charles H. Townes 1960 "Stimulated optical radiation in ruby" by T. H. Maiman 9. The quasar enigma Malcolm Longair 1963 "3C 273: a star-like object with large red-shift" by M. Schmidt 10. Seafloor magnetism and drifting continents Dan McKenzie 1963 "Magnetic anomalies over oceanic ridges" by F. J. Vine and D. H. Matthews 11. Stellar timekeepers Joseph H. Taylor 1968 "Observation of a rapidly pulsating radio source" by A. Hewish, S. J. Bell, J. D. H. Pilkington, P. F. Scott, and R. A. Collins 12. Viruses reverse the information flow Robin A. Weiss 1970 "RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of RNA tumour viruses" by David Baltimore; "RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus" by Howard M. Temin and Satoshi Mizutani 13. Images of body and brain Marcus E. Raichle 1973 "Image formation by induced local interactions: examples employing nuclear magnetic resonance" by P. C. Lauterbur 14. Journey to the T cell Jonathan C. Howard 1974 "Restriction of in vitro T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in lymphocytic choriomeningitis within a syngeneic or semiallogeneic system" by R. M. Zinkernagel and P. C. Doherty 15. Molecular switches for "animal electricity" Fred J. Sigworth 1976 "Single-channel currents recorded from membrane of denervated frog muscle fibres" by Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann 16. DNA sequencing: the silent revolution Peter Little 1977 "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage X174 DNA" by F. Sanger, G. M. Air, B. G. Barrell, N. L. Brown, A. R. Coulson, J. C. Fiddes, C. A. Hutchison III, P. M. Slocombe, and M. Smith 17. The blueprint of animals revealed Ginés Morata 1980 "Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila" by Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric Wieschaus 18. A hole in Earth's shield Richard S. Stolarski 1985 "Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction" by J. C. Farman, B. G. Gardiner, and J. D. Shanklin 19. Carbon cages and carbon tubes Philip Ball 1985 "C60: buckminsterfullerene" by H. W. Kroto, J. R. Heath, S. C. O'Brien, R. F. Curl, and R. E. Smalley 20. Seeking other solar systems Gordon A. H. Walker 1995 "A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star" by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz 21. Dolly! Davor Solter 1997 "Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells" by I. Wilmut, A. E. Schnieke, J. McWhir, A. J. Kind, and K. H. S. Campbell Contributors Index
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Nature (London, England)Science History, Science Social aspects History, Science and civilization