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TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................................ i Chapter One: Strengthening Civil Society ................................... 1 Chapter Two: Civil Society ......................................................... 9 Importance of Civil Society to Democracy ...................................... 14 History of Civil Society in America ........................................................... 25 The Creation of Meaning and Civil Society ............................................... 34 Chapter Three: Engaging Citizens in Civil Society ............................ 43 Explaining Involvement in Civil Society ................................................... 45 The Logic of Non.Involvement ..................................................... 46 Motivations .................................................................................. 50 Political Socialization ............................................................................... 57 Family .......................................................................................... 60 Church .......................................................................................... 64 Peers ............................................................................................ 66 Education ..................................................................................... 67 Media .......................................................................................... 69 Work ............................................................................................ 70 Participation in Voluntary Associations ........................................ 72 Socialization as a Process ............................................................. 77 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 78 Chapter Four: Researching Engaged Citizens in Civil Society ...... 80 Community Site Selection ....................................................................... 81 Research Approach .................................................................................. 81 Subject Selection ..................................................................................... 83 Interviews ............................................................................................... 96 Interview Schedule ................................................................................... 97 Analyses of Interviews ........................................................................... 98 Design Statement .................................................................................... 99 Chapter Five: Citizen Models for Civil Society ................................... 103 Values ..................................................................................................... 104 Family over Materialism ............................................................. 103 People .......................................................................................... 107 Education .................................................................................... 108 Virtues and Norms .................................................................................. 109 Self-reliance ................................................................................. 111 Perceiving and Owning Community Need ..................................... 112 Competence ................................................................................. 113 Hard Work and Keeping Busy .................................................... 114 Honesty and Civility ..................................................................... 114 Concepts and Beliefs Concerning Public Life .......................................... 117 Community Building .................................................................... 117 Community ................................................................................. 118 Creating a Sense of Community .................................................. 122 Community Knowledge .............................................................. 123 Belonging ................................................................................... 125 Stability ..................................................................................... 128 Problem Resolution ...................................................................... 128 Involvement in Civil Society ........................................................ 140 Representation .................................................................. 140 Types of involvement ........................................................ 144 Getting started ................................................................ 146 The spiral of self-interest ................................................. 152 Motivations to Involvement in Civil Society ............................................. 153 Issue Identity ............................................................................... 154 Social Identity .............................................................................. 155 Doing as Identity ......................................................................... 156 Generational Differences ............................................................. 157 Faith ........................................................................................... 158 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 158 Chapter Six: Socialization for Civil Society ........................................ 161 Childhood Socialization to Civil Society ................................................. 162 Communities of Orientation ......................................................... 163 Reciprocity ...................................................................... 163 Small towns .................................................................... 165 Neighborhood safety....................................................... 167 Stability .......................................................................... 170 Life course similarities ................................................... 172 Conclusions ...................................................................... 174 Family of Orientation ................................................................... 175 Family Support ............................................................... 176 Learning values and virtues .............................................. 178 Troubled family life ........................................................ 181 Intellectual life ............................................................... 185 Role models ..................................................................... 187 Church Life .................................................................................. 190 Peers ........................................................................................... 197 Education .................................................................................... 201 Expectations ..................................................................... 202 Activities and opportunity ............................................... 204 Teachers and adult caring ................................................ 206 College ............................................................................ 209 Organizations: Scouting and YMCA ............................................. 211 Media .......................................................................................... 212 Generational differences and media .................................. 212 Gender and media ............................................................ 213 Adult Socialization To Civil Society .................................................. 214 War ............................................................................................. 215 Family of Procreation ................................................................... 216 Career ......................................................................................... 216 Community Today ...................................................................... 219 Suburban growth and child care....................................... 219 Community identity ......................................................... 222 Social problems ............................................................... 224 Gender .............................................................................. 224 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 225 Chapter Seven: Discussion and Conclusions ........................................ 231 Focus on Micro-Sociology and Community Politics .................................. 239 Methodology ........................................................................................... 240 Facilitating the Health of Civil Society .................................................... 242 Appendices Appendix A: Random Phone Interview Guide ......................................... 247 Appendix B: Interview of Organization Representative Interview Guide ... 248 Appendix C: Interview of Identified Subjects Interview Guide .............. 249 Appendix D: Subject Biographies ............................................................ 251 Appendix E: Written Consent Form ......................................................... 276 Notes to Chapters..........................................................................................277 References ................................................................................................. 280 v
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Community leadership.
Civic leaders.