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CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................................... vii 1 chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB About This Book ...................................................................................................... 2 The World Wide Web as an Information Resource ................................................ 2 Hypertext and Hypermedia..................................................................................... 4 Activity 1.1: Using a Search Engine ........................................................................ 5 Key Terms and Concepts ....................................................................................... 13 Information Sources Available on the Web .......................................................... 16 Browser Essentials ................................................................................................ 18 Summary ............................................................................................................... 27 Selected Terms Introduced in This Chapter ......................................................... 29 Review Questions.................................................................................................. 29 Exercises and Projects........................................................................................... 30 chapter 2 MANAGING AND USING INFORMATION FROM THE INTERNET 33 AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB Common Types of Files on the Internet and the Web ......................................... 34 Considering Copyright Guidelines Before Sharing and Copying Information .... 38 Capturing and Using Text, Images, and Data from the Web and the Internet ... 39 Activity 2.1: Capturing and Downloading Images into a Word-processing Document ................................................................... 45 End of Activity 2.1 .................................................................................................. 49 Using Favorites to Keep Track of Resources ........................................................ 49 Procedures and Steps for Managing Internet and Web Information.................. 52 Summary ............................................................................................................... 55 Selected Terms Used in This Chapter .................................................................. 56 Review Questions.................................................................................................. 56 Exercises and Projects........................................................................................... 58 60 chapter 3 USING THE WEB FOR RESEARCH The First Step: Evaluating Your Information Needs ............................................ 61 Choosing the Best Search Tool to Start With ....................................................... 63 Browsing the World Wide Web: Using Directories .............................................. 64 Activity 3.1: Using a Directory to Browse for Information ................................... 65 Finding Information Gems in Virtual Libraries .................................................... 69 Activity 3.2: Finding Resources in a Virtual Library ............................................. 72 Searching the World Wide Web: Using Search Engines ...................................... 77 Activity 3.3: Using Boolean Search Operators ..................................................... 79 Activity 3.4: Using Phrase Searching to Find Information .................................. 83 Using Several Search Engines Simultaneously: Meta-search Tools .................................................................. 87 Activity 3.5: Using a Meta-search Tool to Find Information ................................ 89 iii CONTENTS Content Issues: Pornography, Free Speech, Censorship, and Filtering .............. 91 Summary ............................................................................................................... 92 Selected Terms Introduced in This Chapter ......................................................... 93 Review Questions.................................................................................................. 94 Exercises and Projects........................................................................................... 95 98 chapter 4 A RESEARCHER'S TOOLKIT: DIRECTORIES AND VIRTUAL LIBRARIES Characteristics of Directories ............................................................................... 99 Browsing and Searching Directories .................................................................. 101 Activity 4.1: A Major Directory and How to Use It............................................. 102 Virtual Libraries: Directories with a Difference .................................................. 108 Activity 4.2: Using a Virtual Library .................................................................... 109 A Researcher's Toolkit ......................................................................................... 114 Summary ............................................................................................................. 122 Selected Terms Introduced in This Chapter ....................................................... 122 Review Questions................................................................................................ 123 Exercises and Projects......................................................................................... 124 126 chapter 5 SEARCH STRATEGIES FOR SEARCH ENGINES Search Engine Databases ................................................................................... 127 Search Features Common to Most Search Engines .......................................... 129 Output Features Common to Most Search Engines ......................................... 133 A Basic Search Strategy: The 10 Steps ............................................................... 133 Activity 5.1: Search Strategies in AltaVista ......................................................... 135 Activity 5.2: Search Strategies in Google ............................................................ 139 Activity 5.3: Search Strategies in Vivisimo ......................................................... 143 Summary ............................................................................................................. 146 Review Questions................................................................................................ 147 Exercises and Projects......................................................................................... 149 152 chapter 6 SPECIALIZED DATABASES Overview of Specialized Databases .................................................................... 153 Information in Specialized Databases Is Often Not Accessible Via Search Engines .................................................. 154 How to Find Specialized Databases ................................................................... 154 Using Specialized Databases.............................................................................. 156 Activity 6.1: Searching MEDLINE ....................................................................... 156 Activity 6.2: Finding Company Information ....................................................... 164 Activity 6.3: Searching for United States Supreme Court Opinions ................. 169 iv CONTENTS Activity 6.4: Finding an Individual's Email Address, Mailing Address, and Phone Number ............................................................ 174 Activity 6.5: Searching for a Business Address, a Phone Number, a Map, and Driving Directions ........................................................................ 179 Summary ............................................................................................................. 182 Selected Terms Introduced in This Chapter ....................................................... 182 Review Questions................................................................................................ 182 Exercises and Projects......................................................................................... 184 chapter 7 SEARCHING FOR NEWS AND MULTIMEDIA 187 Searching for News ............................................................................................. 188 Weblogs and E-Zines........................................................................................... 189 News Tracking and Alerts ................................................................................... 192 RSS and News Aggregation ................................................................................ 194 Activity 7.1: Setting Up a Personal Newsreader, or Aggregator ........................ 195 Searching for Multimedia ................................................................................... 202 Summary ............................................................................................................. 208 Selected Terms Used in This Chapter ................................................................ 209 Review Questions................................................................................................ 209 Exercises and Projects......................................................................................... 211 213 chapter 8 SEARCHING LIBARY CATALOGS Overview of the Development of Online Catalogs ............................................ 214 Characteristics of Online Library Catalogs ......................................................... 214 Ways to Find Library Catalogs............................................................................. 216 Activity 8.1: Using Libweb to Find a National Catalog ...................................... 216 Activity 8.2: Using LIBCAT to Find Special Collections ...................................... 222 Summary ............................................................................................................. 228 Selected Terms Introduced in This Chapter ....................................................... 228 Review Questions................................................................................................ 228 Exercises and Projects......................................................................................... 230 232 chapter 9 SEARCHING EMAIL DISCUSSION GROUPS & USENET NEWS Email Discussion Groups ................................................................................... 233 Activity 9.1: Finding a Discussion Group ........................................................... 238 Usenet Newsgroups............................................................................................ 241 Activity 9.2: Searching Usenet News Using Google Groups ............................. 247 Etiquette in a Discussion Group or a Usenet Newsgroup ................................ 251 Summary ............................................................................................................. 252 Selected Terms Introduced in This Chapter ....................................................... 254 Review Questions................................................................................................ 254 Exercises and Projects......................................................................................... 256 v CONTENTS 258 chapter 10 SEARCHING ARCHIVES, DOWNLOADING FILES & FTP Understanding the URL Format for FTP ............................................................ 259 Downloading a File by Anonymous FTP ............................................................ 260 Locating FTP Archives and Other Sites for Finding Software ........................... 261 Downloading and Working with Files from Software Archives ......................... 262 Activity 10.1: Downloading and Installing Software from a Software Archive .. 266 Using an FTP Client Program ............................................................................. 271 Summary ............................................................................................................. 274 Review Questions................................................................................................ 275 Exercises and Projects......................................................................................... 277 279 chapter 11 EVALUATING INFORMATION FOUND ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB Reasons to Evaluate ............................................................................................ 280 Guidelines for Evaluation .................................................................................... 281 Activity 11.1: Using a URL and Search Engines to Investigate a Resource ...... 284 Activity 11.2 Applying Guidelines to Evaluate a Resource ................................. 291 Information About Evaluating Resources on the World Wide Web .................. 294 Summary ............................................................................................................. 295 Review Questions................................................................................................ 296 Exercises and Projects......................................................................................... 298 300 chapter 12 CITING WEB AND INTERNET SOURCES Guidelines for Citing Internet and Web Resources............................................ 301 Citation Examples ............................................................................................... 305 Information on the Web About Citing Electronic Resources............................. 312 Summary ............................................................................................................. 313 Review Questions................................................................................................ 313 Exercises and Projects......................................................................................... 315 Appendix A: Ways to stay current ........................................................................................ 317 Appendix B: Privacy and Security on the Internet and the Web ......................................... 259 Appendix C: Internet Explorer Details ................................................................................. 331 Glossary ............................................................................................................................... 337 Index ............................................................................................................................... 348 vi
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Internet searching.
Web search engines.
Computer network resources.