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<!begin new recto!> <!Comp: No B heads appear in TOC!> Contents Preface and Acknowledgments 000 1 Methods for Sociology and Related Disciplines 000 What Kind of Theories Do Sociologists Study? 000 The Formation of Methodological Factions 000 An Outline of the Argument 000 Problem I: The Centrality of Distances in Study Design for Causal Theories 000 Problem II: Economy in Data Collection 000 Problem III: Using Data to Refine Concepts and ?Measurements? of Concepts 000 Problem IV: Contexts; Differences and Distances between Contexts; Contexts Shaping Causal Processes 000 Problem V: Using Data to Find Mechanisms and Processes; Relation of Such Process Concepts in Concepts of Units of Analysis 000 Problem VI: Testing Theories by Testing Hypotheses with Data 000 Problem VII: Using Data to Refine Theories 000 Self Evaluation 000 2 Distances as Central to Causal Reasoning and Methods 000 The Minimum Piece of Causal Information Is Two Distances 000 Difference, Distance, Units, Causes within Units 000 Closer and Farther: Numbers, Lines, and Curves 000 The Centrality of Distances in Later Chapters of This Book 000 3 The Basic Structure of Economy in Social Research 000 The Centrality of Distances in Study Design 000 Differences among Cultures or Societies 000 Intensity of Observation 000 Sparse Fields and the Expense of Getting a Grip on a Case 000 Short Version Stinchcombe Methods Slavery 000 Clemens Books Short Version 000 Theoretical Methods to Increase Economies in Data Collection 000 Theory Allowing One to Use Data from a ?Lower? Level 000 The Theoretical Penumbra and Exploratory Research 000 Getting Unconfounded Distances 000 When Not to Follow my Advice on Sampling Extreme Cases Intensively 000 ?Nearby? Theories and the Value of Data 000 Process Data 000 Becker Short Version 000 Context 000 Appendix: General Note on American ?Random? Samples 000 4 Using Data to Refine Concepts of Distances between Units of Analysis 000 ?Sensitizing? Concepts and Improving Them 000 Institutionalized Definitions 000 ?Informal? Institutions 000 Methodological Implications of the Examples 000 Extending the Notion 000 Distances between Situations 000 Quantitative and Qualitative Distances 000 Exemplification of Discrete Variables 000 Stinchcombe Logic of Analogy Short Version 000 The Opposite End: Exact Concepts 000 Criteria for Good Concepts with Good Measurements 000 Stinchcombe Psychology of Rebellion Short Version 000 Uses of Exactness 000 Principles of Refining Concepts of Distances 000 5 Refining Concepts about Contexts 000 Concepts about Context, and Context-Specific Concepts 000 Books for Context, Articles for Causation with Assumed Context 000 Contexts to Study Meanings 000 The Relation of Context to Distances between Units of Analysis 000 Periodization and Localization in Historical Sociology 000 Clemens Time Short Version 000 Geographical and Temporal Boundaries of Context 000 Exactness of Concepts of Context; Institutions as Contexts of Organizations 000 Short Version Schneiberg-Clemens Institutionalism Methods 000 Concepts and Variables about Contexts 000 Summary on Concepts of Context 000 6 Units of Analysis and Mechanisms: Turning Causes into Effects 000 The Interdependence of Concepts and Units of Analysis 000 Abbott Short Version 000 Investigating Analogies and Their Causal Meaning 000 Analogies between Distances as the Core of Analogies between Units of Analysis 000 An Example of a Mechanism Paper 000 Five Main Kinds of Mechanisms and Units of Analysis 000 Stinchcombe Mechanisms Short Version 000 A Basic Mechanism with Variants: Complex Cultural Objects, Their Creators, and Their Users 000 Methodological Strategy on Texts, Discourse, and Reception 000 Objects and Actions, Griswold and the Artist-Audience Relation 000 Griswold Short Version 000 Back to Books versus Articles 000 Reception versus Production 000 Scholarly Citations as Evidence of ?Serious? Reception 000 Interpretation 000 Explanation by Interpretation 000 Summary: Methods for the Sociology of High Culture 000 Bargains as Social Systems and Creators of Social Orders 000 Summary on Bargains 000 Methods to Study When Bargains Hold 000 Mobilization as a Mechanism 000 Social Movement Theory and Diffusion Theory 000 ?Seekers,? ?Cosmopolitans,? ?Other Adopters,? and ?Opponents? 000 Stinchcombe Time Short Version 000 Ties of Trust 000 Adoption and Rejection after Adoption: New Things in the Life World 000 Comparative Racism: Methods for Sorting Out Mechanisms 000 Why Historical? 000 Conclusion 000 7 Testing Theories by Testing Hypotheses with Data 000 Regression as Creating a Parameterized Comparison Group, as a ?Null Hypothesis? for ?Residual Analysis? 000 A Note on R2 000 Hierarchical Models 000 Observations on Partial Distances 000 Rules of Thumb for Increasing Power of Observations for Causal Studies 000 Stinchcombe Causes Short Verstion 000 Strong Hierarchical Reasoning: Statistical Form 000 Back to the Residuals Method 000 The Character of ?Resolution? as a Methodological Criterion 000 Refining Fieldwork Observations 000 Resolution on a Grand Scale 000 The ?Preferences? of Organizations 000 Strategic Questions in ?Testing? Theories 000 An Overall View of What These Strategies Do 000 Variances, Interactions, Boundaries, Scope Conditions and General Complexification 000 Complexification and Fish Scale Models of Science 000 Summary on Testing 000 8 Improving Theories with Data 000 Theories as Crafted 000 What Does Crafting Mean? 000 Crafting Methods 000 Stinchcombe Slavery Short Version 000 Stinchcombe Information Short Version 000 Heimer and Staffen Methods Short Version 000 Elegance, Power, and Economy 000 Stinchcombe Rebellion No Answers Short Version 000 Responsibility 000 Heimer and Staffen Responsibility Short Version 000 Complex Causal Roles of Concepts, Complex Concepts, and Complex Fieldwork Studies 000 Conclusion 000 References 000 Index 000
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Sociology -- Methodology.
Sociology -- Research -- Methodology.