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Contents
Publisher's Note
Contributors
Keyword List of Contents
List of Maps and Tables
Maps
5th or 6th century: Confucianism Arrives in Japan
484: White Huns Raid India
496: Baptism of Clovis
c. 500-1000: Rise of Swahili Cultures
c. 500-1000: Tiwanaku Civilization Flourishes in Andean Highlands
6th-8th centuries: Sogdians Dominate Central Asian Trade
February 2, 506: Alaric II Drafts the Breviarum Alarici
524: Imprisonment and Death of Boethius
529-534: Justinian's Code Is Compiled
532-537: Building of Hagia Sophia
538-552: Buddhism Arrives in Japan
563: Silk Worms Are Smuggled to the Byzantine Empire
567-568: S{amacr}s{amacr}nians and Turks Defeat the White Huns
568-571: Lombard Conquest of Italy
581: Sui Dynasty Reunifies China
590-604: Reforms of Pope Gregory the Great
593-604: Regency of Sh{omacr}toku Taishi
595-665: Invention of Decimals and Negative Numbers
596-597: See of Canterbury Is Established
c. 600-950: El Tajín Is Built
7th-8th centuries: Maya Build Astronomical Observatory at Palenque
7th-8th centuries: Papermaking Spreads to Korea, Japan, and Central Asia
7th-13th centuries: Mogollons Establish Agricultural Settlements
605-610: Building of the Grand Canal
606: National University Awards First Doctorate
606-647: Reign of Har{ssubdot}a of Kanauj
607-839: Japan Sends Embassies to China
c. 610-632: Mu{hsubdot}ammad Receives Revelations
c. 611-642: Reign of Pulake{sacute}in II
618: Founding of the Tang Dynasty
627-650: Reign of Songtsen Gampo
629-645: Pilgrimage of Xuanzang
630-668: Reign of Narasi{msubdot}havarman I Mah{amacr}malla
630-711: Islam Expands Throughout North Africa
635-800: Founding of Lindisfarne and Creation of the Book of Kells
August 15-20, 636: Battle of Yarm{umacr}k
637-657: Islam Expands Throughout the Middle East
645-646: Adoption of Nengo System and Taika Reforms
652-c. 1171: Christian Nubia and Muslim Egypt Sign Treaty
668-935: Silla Unification of Korea
October 10, 680: Martyrdom of Prophet's Grandson {Hsubdot}usayn
682-1377: Expansion of {Sacute}rivijaya
685-691: Building of the Dome of the Rock
690-705: Reign of Empress Wu
c. 700: Bow and Arrow Spread into North America
c. 700-1000: Building of Chichén Itz
c. 700-1000: Heavy Plow Helps Increase Agricultural Yields
c. 700-1100: Settlement of the South Pacific Islands
c. 700-1253: Confederation of Thai Tribes
8th-14th centuries: Cahokia Becomes the First North American City
8th-15th centuries: Hohokam Adapt to the Desert Southwest
701: Taih{omacr} Laws Reform Japanese Government
c. 710: Construction of the K{amacr}ila{sacute}an{amacr}tha Temple
April or May, 711: {Tsubdot}{amacr}rik Crosses into Spain
March 9, 712, and July 1, 720: Writing of Kojiki and Nihon Shoki
713-741: First Newspapers in China
726-843: Iconoclastic Controversy
729: Founding of Nanzhao
730: Rise of the Pratih{amacr}ras
731: Bede Writes Ecclesiastical History of the English People
October 11, 732: Battle of Tours
735: Christianity Is Introduced into Germany
740: Khazars Convert to Judaism
744-840: Uighur Turks Rule Central Asia
c. 750-1240: Rise and Fall of Ghana
751: Battle of Talas River
754: Coronation of Pépin the Short
755-763: Rebellion of An Lushan
763: Tibetans Capture Chang'an
775-810: Reign of Dharmap{amacr}la
775-840: Building of Borobu{dsubdot}ur
780: Beginning of the Harem System
780: Rise of the Sailendra Family
781: Alcuin Becomes Adviser to Charlemagne
786-809: Reign of H{amacr}r{umacr}n al-Rash{imacr}d
788-850: {Sacute}a{nsubdot}kara Expounds Advaita Ved{amacr}nta
791: Buddhism Becomes Tibetan State Religion
792: Rise of the Samurai
June 7, 793: Norse Raid Lindisfarne Monastery
794-1185: Heian Period
c. 800: Kana Syllabary Is Developed
c. 800-1350: Mississippian Mound-Building Culture Flourishes
9th-14th centuries: Rise of the Toutswe Kingdom
9th-15th centuries: Plains Village Culture Flourishes
802: Founding of the Khmer Empire
809: First Islamic Public Hospital
812: Paper Money First Used in China
832: Nanzhao Subjugates Pyu
834: Gypsies Expelled from Persia
838-842: Tibetan Empire Dissolves
840-846: Uighur Migrations
843: Treaty of Verdun
845: Suppression of Buddhism
Mid-9th century: Invention of Gunpowder and Guns
c. 850: Development of the Slavic Alphabet
850-950: Viking Era
After 850: Foundation of Chan Chan
858: Rise of the Fujiwara Family
863: Nanzhao Captures Hanoi
864: Boris Converts to Christianity
868: First Book Printed
869-883: Zanj Revolt of African Slaves
872-973: Publication of the History of al-{Tsubdot}abar{imacr}
877-889: Indravarman I Conquers the Thai and the Mons
878: Alfred Defeats the Danes
890's: Magyars Invade Italy, Saxony, and Bavaria
893: Beginning of Bulgaria's Golden Age
Early 10th century: Qarakhanids Convert to Islam
10th century: Cult of Quetzalcóatl Spreads Through Mesoamerica
10th-11th centuries: First Hausa State Established
907-960: Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
915: Par{amacr}ntaka I Conquers P{amacr}{nsubdot}{dsubdot}ya
918-936: Foundation of the Kory{obreve} Dynasty
927: Compilation of the Engi Shiki
936: Khitans Settle Near Beijing
939-944: Reign of Ngo Quyen
c. 950: Court of Córdoba Flourishes in Spain
c. 950-1100: Rise of Madrasas
c. 950-1150: Toltecs Build Tula
August 10, 955: Otto I Defeats the Magyars
956: O{gbreve}huz Turks Migrate to Transoxiana
958-1076: Koreans Adopt the Tang Civil Service Model
960: Founding of the Song Dynasty
c. 960: Jews Settle in Bohemia
960-1279: Scholar-Official Class Flourishes Under Song Dynasty
963: Foundation of the Mount Athos Monasteries
969-1171: Reign of the F{amacr}{tsubdot}imids
972: Building of al-Azhar Mosque
973: Foundation of the Western C{amacr}lukya Dynasty
976-1025: Reign of Basil II
982: Le Dai Hanh Invades Champa
c. 985-1014: Reign of R{amacr}jar{amacr}ja I
987: Hugh Capet Is Elected to the French Throne
988: Baptism of Vladimir I
992-1054: Ghana Takes Control of Awdaghust
998-1030: Reign of Ma{hsubdot}m{umacr}d of Ghazna
c. 1000: Collapse of the Huari and Tiwanaku Civilizations
c. 1000: Footbinding Develops in Chinese Society
c. 1000: Hindi Becomes India's Dominant Language
11th century: Expansion of Sunni Islam in North Africa and Iberia
11th-12th centuries: Building of Romanesque Cathedrals
11th-12th centuries: First European-Native American Contact
11th-15th centuries: Development of the Ife Kingdom and Yoruba Culture
11th-15th centuries: Great Zimbabwe Urbanism and Architecture
After 1000: Development of Miracle and Mystery Plays
c. 1001: Sei Sh{omacr}nagon Completes The Pillow Book
c. 1004: Murasaki Shikibu Writes The Tale of Genji
1009: Destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
1010: Firdusi Composes the Shahnamah
c. 1010: Songhai Kingdom Converts to Islam
c. 1010-1015: Avicenna Writes His Canon of Medicine
1012: Rice Is Introduced into China
April 23, 1014: Battle of Clontarf
1016: Canute Conquers England
c. 1025: Scholars at Chartres Revive Interest in the Classics
1031: Caliphate of Córdoba Falls
1040-1055: Expansion of the Seljuk Turks
c. 1045: Bi Sheng Develops Movable Earthenware Type
1048: Z{imacr}rids Break from F{amacr}{tsubdot}imid Dynasty and Revive Sunni Islam
1054: Beginning of the Rome-Constantinople Schism
1062-1147: Almoravids Conquer Morocco and Establish the Almoravid Empire
October 14, 1066: Battle of Hastings
1069-1072: Wang Anshi Introduces Bureaucratic Reforms
August 26, 1071: Battle of Manzikert
c. 1075-1086: Hummay Founds the Sefuwa Dynasty
c. 1075-1220: Emergence of Mapungubwe
1076: Almoravids Sack Kumbi
1077: Seljuk Dynasty Is Founded
1086: Domesday Survey
November 1, 1092-June 15, 1094: El Cid Conquers Valencia
November 27, 1095: Pope Urban II Calls the First Crusade
March 21, 1098: Foundation of the Cistercian Order
c. 1100: Arabic Numerals Are Introduced into Europe
c. 1100: Founding of Timbuktu
c. 1100: Origins of Swahili in Its Written Form
c. 1100: Rise of Courtly Love
1100-1300: European Universities Emerge
12th century: Coins Are Minted on the Swahili Coast
12th century: Trading Center of Kilwa Kisiwani Is Founded
12th century: Wang Chongyang Founds Quanzhen Daoism
12th-14th centuries: Social and Political Impact of Leprosy
1115: Foundation of the Jin Dynasty
c. 1120: Order of the Knights Templars Is Founded
1127-1130: Creation of the Kingdom of Sicily
1130: Birth of Zhu Xi
1130: Karakitai Empire Established
1136: Hildegard von Bingen Becomes Abbess
1145: Kim Pu-sik Writes Samguk Sagi
c. 1145: Prester John Myth Sweeps Across Europe
1147-1149: Second Crusade
c. 1150: Moors Transmit Classical Philosophy and Medicine to Europe
c. 1150: Refinements in Banking
1150: Venetian Merchants Dominate Trade with the East
c. 1150-1200: Development of Gothic Architecture
c. 1150-1200: Rise of the Hansa Merchant Union
1152: Frederick Barbarossa Is Elected King of Germany
1153: Jin Move Their Capital to Beijing
1154-1204: Angevin Empire Is Established
1155: Charter of Lorris Is Written
September 17, 1156: Austria Emerges as a National Entity
1156-1192: Minamoto Yoritomo Becomes Shogun
1167: Foundation of the Nemanjid Dynasty
1169-1172: Normans Invade Ireland
December 29, 1170: Murder of Thomas Becket
1175: H{omacr}nen Sh{omacr}nin Founds Pure Land Buddhism
c. 1175: Waldensian Excommunications Usher in Protestant Movement
c. 1180: Chrétien de Troyes Writes Perceval
c. 1181-1221: Lalibela Founds the Christian Capital of Ethiopia
1189-1192: Third Crusade
1190: Moses Maimonides Writes The Guide of the Perplexed
c. 1190-1279: Ma-Xia School of Painting Flourishes
1193: Turkish Raiders Destroy Buddhist University at Nalanda
1196-1258: Ch'oe Family Takes Power in Korea
c. 1200: Common-Law Tradition Emerges in England
c. 1200: Fairs of Champagne
c. 1200: Scientific Cattle Breeding Developed
c. 1200-1230: Manco Capac Founds the Inca State
13th century: Ndiadiane N'diaye Founds the Wolof Empire
1204: Genghis Khan Founds Mongol Empire
1204: Knights of the Fourth Crusade Capture Constantinople
1206-1210: Qu{tsubdot} al-D{imacr}n Aybak Establishes the Delhi Sultanate
April 16, 1209: Founding of the Franciscans
1209-1229: Albigensian Crusade
1212: Children's Crusade
July 27, 1214: Battle of Bouvines
June 15, 1215: Signing of the Magna Carta
November 11-30, 1215: Fourth Lateran Council
1217-1221: Fifth Crusade
1219-1333: H{omacr}j{omacr} Family Dominates Shoguns, Rules Japan
1221-1259: Mai Dunama Dibbalemi Expands Kanem Empire
1225: Tran Thai Tong Establishes Tran Dynasty
1225-1231: Expansionism of Jal{amacr}l al-D{imacr}n Mingburnu of Khw{amacr}rizmian Empire
1227-1230: Frederick II Leads the Sixth Crusade
1228-1231: Teutonic Knights Bring Baltic Region Under Catholic Control
1230: Unification of Castile and León
1230's-1255: Reign of Sundiata of Mali
1233: Papal Inquisition
1236-1240: Reign of Raziya
July 15, 1240: Alexander Nevsky Defends Novgorod from Swedish Invaders
1248-1254: Failure of the Seventh Crusade
Late 13th century: Maoris Hunt Moa to Extinction
c. 1250: Improvements in Shipbuilding and Navigation
1250-1300: Homosexuality Criminalized and Subject to Death Penalty
1258: Provisions of Oxford Are Established
1259: Mangrai Founds the Kingdom of Lan Na
September 3, 1260: Battle of Ain J{amacr}l{umacr}t
c. 1265-1273: Thomas Aquinas Compiles the Summa Theologica
1270-1285: Yekuno Amlak Founds the Solomonid Dynasty
1271-1295: Travels of Marco Polo
1273: Sufi Order of Mawlaw{imacr}yah Is Established
1275: First Mechanical Clock
1275: Nestorian Archbishopric Is Founded in Beijing
c. 1275: The Zohar Is Transcribed
1285: Statute of Winchester
1290-1306: Jews Are Expelled from England, France, and Southern Italy
April, 1291: Fall of Acre, Palestine
1295: Model Parliament
1295: Ramkhamhaeng Conquers the Mekong and Menam Valleys
1299: {ayn}Al{amacr}{hamza}-ud-D{imacr}n Mu{hsubdot}ammad Khalj{imacr} Conquers Gujarat
July 27, 1302: Battle of Bapheus
November 18, 1302: Boniface VII Issues the Bull Unam Sanctam
1305-1417: Avignon Papacy and the Great Schism
c. 1306-1320: Dante Writes The Divine Comedy
c. 1310-1350: William of Ockham Attacks Thomist Ideas
June 23-24, 1314: Battle of Bannockburn
November 15, 1315: Swiss Victory at Morgarten over Habsburg Forces
c. 1320: Origins of the Bubonic Plague
1323-1326: Champa Wins Independence from Dai Viet
August 1, 1323-August 23, 1328: Peasants' Revolt in Flanders
1324-1325: Mansa M{umacr}s{amacr}'s Pilgrimage to Mecca Sparks Interest in Mali Empire
July 2, 1324: Lady Alice Kyteler Is Found Guilty of Witchcraft
1325-1355: Travels of Ibn Ba{tsubdot}{tsubdot}{umacr}{tsubdot}ah
1325-1519: Aztecs Build Tenochtitl n
1328-1350: Flowering of Late Medieval Physics
November, 1330: Basarab Defeats the Hungarians
1333: Kilwa Kisiwani Begins Economic and Historical Decline
1336-1392: Yoshino Civil Wars
1337-1453: Hundred Years' War
1340: Al-{ayn}Umar{imacr} Writes a History of Africa
August 26, 1346: Battle of Crécy
1347: {ayn}Al{amacr}{hamza}-ud-D{imacr}n Bahman Sh{amacr}h Founds the Bahman{imacr} Sultanate
1347-1352: Invasion of the Black Death in Europe
May 20, 1347-October 8, 1354: Cola di Rienzo Leads Popular Uprising in Rome
1350: Ramathibodi I Creates First Thai Legal System
c. 1350-1400: Petrarch and Boccaccio Recover Classical Texts
January 10, 1356, and December 25, 1356: Golden Bull
1360-1440: Kan'ami and Zeami Perfect N{omacr} Drama
1366: Statute of Kilkenny
1368: Establishment of the Ming Dynasty
1368: Tibet Gains Independence from Mongols
1373-1410: Jean Froissart Compiles His Chronicles
1377: Ibn Khald{umacr}n Completes His Muqaddimah
1377-1378: Condemnation of John Wyclif
c. 1380: Compilation of the Wise Sayings of Lal Ded
September 8, 1380: Battle of Kulikovo
May-June, 1381: Peasants' Revolt in England
1381-1405: Tamerlane's Conquests
1382-1395: Reign of Sthitimalla
1387: Chinese Create the Eight-Legged Essay
1387-1400: Chaucer Writes The Canterbury Tales
June 28, 1389: Turkish Conquest of Serbia
1392: Foundation of the Gelugpa Order
July, 1392: Establishment of the Yi Dynasty
1397: Publication of the Laws of Great Ming
June 17, 1397: Kalmar Union Is Formed
1399-1404: Tamerlane Builds the Bibi Khanum Mosque
1400-1500: Foundation of the West African States of Benin
1403-1407: Yonglo Dadian Encyclopedia Is Compiled
1405-1433: Zheng He's Naval Expeditions
July 15, 1410: Battle of Tannenberg
1410-1440: Florentine School of Art Emerges
1414-1418: Council of Constance
July 6, 1415: Martyrdom of Jan Hus
1415-1460: Prince Henry the Navigator Promotes Portuguese Exploration
1428: Le Loi Establishes Later Le Dynasty
May 4-8, 1429: Joan of Arc's Relief of Orléans
1440: Donation of Constantine Is Exposed
1442-1456: J nos Hunyadi Defends Hungary Against the Ottomans
1444-1446: Albanian Chieftains Unite Under Prince Skanderbeg
c. 1450: Gutenberg Pioneers the Printing Press
1453: English Are Driven from France
May 29, 1453: Fall of Constantinople
Time Line
Glossary
Bibliography
Web Sites
Chronological List of Entries
Geographical Index
Category Index
Personages Index
Subject Index
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Middle Ages -- History.
Civilization, Medieval.