Table of contents for Designing surveys : a guide to decisions and procedures / Ronald Czaja, Johnny Blair.

Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog.

Note: Contents data are machine generated based on pre-publication provided by the publisher. Contents may have variations from the printed book or be incomplete or contain other coding.


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Contents
Please check all TOC HEADING LEVELS with the authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1	An Introduction to Surveys and to This Book	000
The Practice of Survey Research
The Uses of Surveys
Overview of the Survey Process
A Brief Summary of This Book
2	Stages of a Survey
Stage 1: Survey Design and Preliminary Planning
Making Sampling Decisions
Designing the Questionnaire
Determining Available Money and Time
Analyzing Data and Reporting Survey Results
Stage 2: Pretesting
Drafting the Questionnaire
Using Interviewers
Debriefing Interviewers
Deciding on Pretest Methods
Stage 3: Final Survey Design and Planning
Stage 4: Data Collection
Stage 5: Data Coding, Data-File Construction,
Analysis, and Final Report
Example of a Time Schedule for a Study
3	Selecting the Method of Data Collection
Evaluating the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Four Survey Methods
Mail Surveys
Advantages
Disadvantages
Internet Surveys
Advantages
Disadvantages
Telephone Surveys 
Advantages
Disadvantages
Face-to-Face Surveys 
Advantages
Disadvantages
Combinations of Methods
4	Questionnaire Design: Writing the Questions
Questionnaire Design as Process
Factors in Questionnaire Development
Writing Questions
Criteria for Survey Questions
The Structure of Survey Questions
The Use of Qualifiers in Survey Questions
More on Response Categories
Spotting Weaknesses in Survey Questions
Some Final Advice on Potential Pitfalls
5	Questionnaire Design: Organizing the Questions
Introducing the Study
Telephone Introductions
Advance and Cover Letters
What Questions Should the Questionnaire Begin With?
Grouping Questions into Sections
Questionnaire Length and Respondent Burden
Avoiding Other Flaws in Mail Questionnaire Designÿ/
6	Questionnaire Design: Testing the Questions
Importance of Respondents? Comprehension of and Ability to Answer Questions
Conventional Pretests and Interviewer Debriefings
Post-Interview Interviews
Behavior Coding
A Note on Intercoder Reliability
Cognitive Interviews
Respondent Debriefing
Expert Panel
Examining Interviewer Tasks
Revising and Retesting: Deciding Which Pretest Problems to Address
Deciding How Much Testing Is Enough 
Pilot Tests
Combined Methods
Some Last Advice
7	Designing the Sample
The Basics
Defining the Population
Constructing a Sampling Frame
Matching Defined Populations and Sampling Frames
Recognizing Problems with Sampling Frames
Ineligibles
Inaccuracies
Missing Information
Multiple Listings
Determining Sample Size 
Finite Population Correction
Probability Level
Variance
Confidence Interval
Putting It All Together
Formula Assumptions
What Most Affects Sample Size
Hypothesis Testing and Power
Using Census Data
Research Objectives
Analysis Groups
Consulting Census Data
Making Choices
8	Selecting a Sample
Example 1: A Community List-Assisted Telephone Sample
Defining the Population
Selecting a Frame
Example 2: A Directory-Based Community Telephone Sample
Solving for the Number of Sample Selections
Selecting the Sample
Example 3: Other RDD Telephone Samples
National RDD Sample 
Selecting Respondents within Households
Example 4: A List Sample of Students
Selecting a Frame
Deciding on a Sampling Method
Example 5: A Sample of University Classes
Defining the Population and Preparing the Frame
Solving for the Number of Sample Selections
Maintaining the Design Integrity
9	Reducing Sources of Error in Data Collection
The Origins of Error
Variance and Bias
Measures of Survey Quality
Unit Nonresponse
Recent Increases in Nonresponse
Item Nonresponse
Our Approach: Decisions and Procedures
Interviewer-Administered Surveys: Procedures to Minimize Unit Nonresponse
Advance Notification
Reaching the Sampled Respondents
Procedures to Minimize Item Nonresponse
Interviewer Effects
Interviewer Selection
Interviewer Training
Conducting the Interview
Unit Response
Item Response
Response Errors
Quality Control
Self-Administered Surveys: Mail and Internet
Email Versus Web Data Collection
Unit Response
Prior Notification about the Survey
Follow-up contacts
Response Patterns
Reasons for Nonresponse
Respondent Selection
Refusal Conversion
Samples of Nonrespondents
Item Nonresponse
Tracking
10	Special Topics
Ethical Issues in Survey Research
The Methodology Report
The Utility of the Methodology Report
What to Include in the Methodology Report
Sample Design
Sampling Errors
Frame Problems: Undercoverage
Instrument Development: Pretesting and Special Methods
Data Collection: Interviewer Training, Data Collection 	Procedures, and Quality Control
Response Bias: Questionnaire Problems
Unit Nonresponse: Response, Refusal, and Cooperation Rates
Special Procedures: Samples of Nonrespondents and Refusal Conversion
Nonresponse Bias: Patterns of Nonresponse and the Use of Weights
Estimation 
Item Nonresponse and Imputation
Data Entry and Coding: Entry Error, Open-Ends
Costs and Contingencies: Planning for the Unexpected
For Further Study: Suggested Readings
Appendix A: University of Maryland Undergraduate Student Survey
Appendix B: Maryland Crime Survey
Appendix C: American Association for Public Opinion Research Code of Professional Ethics and Practices 
References
Glossary/Index
About the Authors

Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:

Surveys.
Sampling (Statistics).