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Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1 - The aetiology of asthma What is allergy? What is asthma? The respiratory system The respective roles of genetics, diet and environment Breast feeding Exposure to outdoor allergens Viral infections and the hygiene hypothesis The healthy pet keeping effect Geographic specific factors Prevalence of atopic disease Testing for allergies Skin prick testing Blood tests Breathing tests Chapter summary Chapter 2 - The ecology and physiology of the House Dust Mite (HDM) Classifying the HDM Biology of the HDM Relative humidity (RH) Critical equilibrium humidity (CEH) Ecology of the HDM HDM allergenic proteins Airborne allergens Mite and allergen control Chapter 3 - The indoor environment and the house dust mite The dust mite hypothesis HDM allergens - sensitisation thresholds Housing and dampness Assessing allergen eradication techniques The benefits of an allergen free environment Chapter 4 - Housing and health Housing and health Is history repeating itself? State intervention 'Planning our new homes' Dampness and health status What has changed in the domestic environment Internal volumes Construction materials and techniques Background ventilation Double glazing Bathing and clothes drying Soft furnishings and internal surfaces Warm and humid indoor environments Chapter 5 - Historical changes in domestic ventilation regimes Modelling five generic house types Moisture dissipation rates Blow door site trials Comparing house type performance Chapter 6 - Designing a double blind placebo controlled interventionist trial Selecting the team Research objectives Research methods Steam cleaning the carpets New bedding Mechanical heat recovery units Intervention measures Dust collection Immunological assays Background and procedures of the assay method Environmetnal monitoring Energy rating Fuel consumption Cohort generation Monitoring health status Peak flow Life event diaries Health questionnaires Prescription profiling Chapter 7 - Key findings and discussion Longitudinal monitoring of HDM (Der pI) allergen reservoirs Longitudinal monitoring of hygro-thermal conditions Temperature profiles Changes in health status Health status questionnaires GP visits Illustrative case studies Electricity and gas profiles Discussion Initial Der pI levels Efficacy of active measures Temperature and fuel expenditure profiles Peak flow and health questionnaires GP visits and drug profiling Confounding variables Air infiltration rates Possible filtering effects of placebo fans Childhood asthma and HDM sensitisation Distribution of Der pI Cohort lifestyle changes Summary Chapter 8 - Scoping the confounding variables Statistical power calculations Der pI distribution and sampling methods Developing a new sampling protocol Comparing dust sampling techniques Test results Airborne allergen particulates Clinical testing Cohort selection criteria Clinical testing Economic outcomes Air infiltration rates Chapter 9 - Hazardous indoor pollutants Regulatory guidelines Sick building syndrome (SBS) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) Bioaerosols, mould and mycotoxins Ozone (O3) Toxic chemicals Volatile organic compounds (VOC's) Pesticides Particulates Endotoxins Developing guidelines for domestic indoor air quality Summary Chapter 10 - Air tightness and ventilation rates Air leakage rates in the UK Air change rates and meso climate Ventilation rates and energy efficiency 'Build tight - ventilate right' Mechanical heat recovery ventilation Chapter 11 - Developing a new low allergen prototype dwelling The bio-climatic 'zoned' dwelling for northern latitudes Thermal capacitance Insulation Passive and active solar strategies Ventilation Sustainability Reducing demand Reuse, recycle and reversibility Replicability and pre-fabrication Avoiding HDM habitats Chapter 12 - A fiscal strategy - Fuel tax hypothecation The Scottish Energy Study The chaotic 'free' market The political framework The Earth Summits Energy efficiency investment criteria The real cost of fuel Fuel poverty Climatic variations House type and energy rating Cost of fuel Diet and lifestyle Introducing a domestic fuel tax Insulating the existing housing stock The future of housing and the bigger picture Are landlords liable? Chapter 13 - Conclusions and recommendations Index
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Asthma -- Great Britain.
House dust mites.