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*Contents ContentsContents chapter1The Particle Physics Program1 section1.1Introduction1 section1.2What Do We Measure?3 paragraphThe Particle Spectrum3 paragraphScattering of Particles3 paragraphProduction of Resonances5 paragraphJets at High Energies6 section1.3Fundamental Constituents and Interactions6 chapter2How to Calculate Amplitudes15 section2.1Free Particles15 section2.2Spin Zero Particles16 section2.3Lagrangian Density18 section2.4Symmetries and the Lagrangian20 section2.5Spin 1 Particles23 section2.6Spin 1 Photons24 section2.7Spin Particles27 subsection2.7.1The Dirac Equation28 subsection2.7.2Lagrangian and Symmetries for Spin 30 subsection2.7.3Explicit Plane Wave Solutions32 subsection2.7.4Bilinear Covariants35 section2.8Interpretation of Extra Solutions37 section2.9Time History of States38 section2.10Time Evolution and Particle Exchange43 section2.11Momentum Space Propagator50 section2.12Calculation of Decay Rates and Cross Sections52 subsection2.12.1Particle Decay Rates52 subsection2.12.2Cross Sections54 section2.13Particle Exchange and the Yukawa Potential55 section2.14Quantum Field Theory58 subsection2.14.1Charged Scalar Field63 subsection2.14.2Fermion Field64 chapter3Scattering of Leptons andPhotons71 section3.1Interaction Hamiltonian and LeptonCurrents71 section3.2Electron--Muon Scattering74 subsection3.2.1The Photon Propagator75 subsection3.2.2Some Implications of the Photon Propagator78 subsection3.2.3Electron--Muon Scattering; Methods for Facilitating Calculations for Spin 79 subsection3.2.4Two-Body Phase Space Factor83 subsection3.2.5Cross Sectionin the Relativistic Limit85 section3.3 Annihilation to 86 subsection3.3.1, , and Variables86 subsection3.3.2Calculation of Annihilation Cross Section87 section3.4 Scattering89 section3.5 Production of 90 subsection3.5.1Helicity Conservation in the Relativistic Limit92 section3.6Processes with Two Leptons and Two Photons94 subsection3.6.1Matrix Element for Scattering97 subsection3.6.2Compton Scattering Cross Section100 section3.7Higher-Order Terms in the Perturbation Expansion, theFeynmanRules103 section3.8Lorentz Covariance and Field Theory106 section3.9Special Symmetries of the Matrix108 chapter4Hadrons112 section4.1The Charge Structure of the Strong Interactions112 section4.2Quantum Numbers113 subsection4.2.1Additive Quantum Numbers114 subsection4.2.2Vectorially Additive Quantum Numbers115 subsection4.2.3Multiplicative Quantum Numbers116 section4.3Internal Symmetries117 section4.4Generators for and 122 section4.5The Color Interaction126 section4.6The Color Potential130 section4.7Size of Bound States136 section4.8Baryons141 chapter5Isospin and Flavor , Accidental Symmetries146 section5.1The Light Quarks146 section5.2Light Mesons149 section5.3Breit--Wigner Propagators and Meson Life Histories155 subsection5.3.1Narrow Resonances and Independent Events159 subsection5.3.2Propagators and Mass Eigenstates161 section5.4Vector Meson Decays163 subsection5.4.1Form of Meson Decay Amplitudes168 section5.5Physical Picture of Decay Process169 subsection5.5.1 Parity177 subsection5.5.2Large Invariant Mass Processes and Hadronic Jets179 section5.6Baryon States of Three Quarks180 chapter6The Constituent Quark Model193 section6.1Constituent Quarks193 section6.2Baryon Magnetic Moments193 subsection6.2.1 Decay to , Magnetic Dipole Transition197 subsection6.2.2 Decay to 198 section6.3Meson and Baryon Masses200 subsection6.3.1Meson Masses203 subsection6.3.2Baryon Masses204 subsection6.3.3Meson Isospin Violating Mass Splittings205 subsection6.3.4Baryon Isospin Violating Mass Splittings207 subsection6.3.5Decays of the Meson209 section6.4Photon Coupling to the Vector Mesons211 subsection6.4.1Vector Meson Dominance212 subsection6.4.2 Dominance in the Channel with 214 subsection6.4.3 Mixing217 section6.5Radiative Transitions between Pseudoscalar andVectorMesons220 section6.6Pseudoscalar Meson Decays to Two Photons224 subsection6.6.1Vector Meson Dominance and Radiative Decays225 section6.7Conclusion226 chapter7The Full Color Gauge Theory231 section7.1Local Gauge Symmetry231 section7.2Paradox of No Scales234 subsection7.2.1The Running Coupling Constant in Electrodynamics234 subsection7.2.2Expression for in Electrodynamics236 subsection7.2.3Running Coupling Constant for QCD238 section7.3Approximate Chiral Symmetry of the Strong Interactions240 subsection7.3.1Goldberger--Treiman Relation241 section7.4Spontaneously Broken Symmetry244 subsection7.4.1The Role of the Vacuum245 section7.5Quark Masses in the Lagrangian246 section7.6Other Issues247 chapter8Weak Interactions of Fermions253 section8.1Weak Gauge Group253 section8.2Muon Decay258 section8.3Decays of the Tau Lepton262 section8.4Charged Weak Currents for Quarks267 subsection8.4.1Cabibbo--Kobayashi--Maskawa Matrix269 subsection8.4.2CP Violation272 section8.5Charged Pion Decay274 subsection8.5.1Conserved Vector Current277 subsection8.5.2Charge Operators278 subsection8.5.3Rate for Semileptonic Decay280 section8.6Strangeness Changing Current Operator and Kaon Decay280 subsection8.6.1Vector Dominance Model for Kaon to Pion Current Matrix Element283 subsection8.6.2Operator for Decay to All Hadronic Final States286 section8.7General Framework for Weak Decay ofPseudoscalarMesons292 section8.8Amplitudes for Kaon Decay to Two Pions295 section8.9Amplitudes for Decay to 297 section8.10Rare Decays298 section8.11Weak Decays Involving the Heavy Quarks 300 subsection8.11.1Weak Decay of Charm302 subsection8.11.2Weak Decay of Quark Systems305 section8.12Heavy Quark Effective Theory307 section8.13Conclusion309 chapter9Weak Mixing Phenomena313 section9.1Interplay of Production, Propagation, and Detection313 section9.2Mixing for Weakly Decaying Pseudoscalar Mesons315 section9.3 System318 subsection9.3.1Kaon Oscillations320 subsection9.3.2CP Violation in the Kaon System321 section9.4 System327 section9.5 and Systems329 subsection9.5.1CP Violation in the System331 section9.6Neutrino Oscillations333 subsection9.6.1Three Neutrino Generations336 subsection9.6.2Oscillations of Neutrinos from the Sun338 subsection9.6.3Matter-Induced Oscillations in the Sun341 subsection9.6.4CP Violation in Neutrino Mixing344 chapter10The Electroweak Gauge Theory and Symmetry Breaking348 section10.1Weak Neutral Current348 section10.2Neutral Current Mixing348 section10.3 Phenomenology352 paragraphMeasurement of and the cross section by measuring rates versus .355 paragraphThe final state fermions are polarized for the same reason that is nonzero.357 paragraphThe parity violation in the coupling implies that a correlation exists between the direction of the final state particle and the initial (and the with).358 section10.4Interactions Among the Gauge Bosons Themselves358 section10.5Higgs Mechanism360 section10.6The Theory of Weinberg and Salam365 section10.7Corrections to the and Masses370 section10.8Generation of Fermion Masses373 section10.9Majorana Neutrinos375 chapter11Large Cross SectionProcesses378 section11.1Types of Processes378 section11.2Multiple Coulomb Scattering380 subsection11.2.1Multiple Scattering Angle382 subsection11.2.2Radiation Length383 subsection11.2.3Energy Loss385 section11.3Radiative Processes for Electrons and Photons389 subsection11.3.1Rate Calculation for Pair Production391 section11.4Inclusive Distributions in Hadronic Scattering395 chapter12Scattering with Large MomentumTransfer404 section12.1Types of Processes404 section12.2 Annihilation to Hadrons405 subsection12.2.1Energies below , the Electromagnetic Regime405 subsection12.2.2Quark Fragmentation Functions406 subsection12.2.3 Annihilation in the Electroweak Regime410 subsection12.2.4Energy Scale for Production of the Higgs Particle412 section12.3Hadron Structure and Short Distance Scattering412 subsection12.3.1Momentum Spectrum for Constituents415 section12.4Deep Inelastic Lepton-Proton Scattering417 subsection12.4.1Cross Section for Deep Inelastic Scattering419 subsection12.4.2Structure Functions and Constituents420 subsection12.4.3The Quark Picture for the Structure Function423 section12.5Scaling Violations429 paragraphQCD vertex.430 paragraphThe propagator.431 paragraphSum over states for the constituent that doesn't scatter.431 paragraphThe electromagnetic vertex where the quark scatters.432 subsection12.5.1Evolution Equations for Structure Functions434 section12.6Results for Large Transverse Momentum Scattering inReactions436 section12.7The Next Frontier437 chapter13Physics at Higher Energies441 chapterAConventions445 sectionAUnits445 sectionBUse of Lorentz Indices446
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