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Table of Contents of
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
Volume 23

edited by
Julian P. Boyd

Table of Contents, All Volumes   |  ;Catalog record and links to related information from the Library of Congress catalog

	
CONTENTS

January 1, 1792 to May 31, 1792

GUIDE TO EDITORIAL APPARATUS, vii
ILLUSTRATIONS, xxxiii

{ 1792 }

January February March April May
INDEX ILLUSTRATIONS

January

From Edward Church, 1 January, 3
To John Dobson, 1 January, 4
From Christopher Gore, 1 January, 5
From Alexander Hamilton, 1 January, 5
From David Humphreys, 1 January, 6
To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 1 January, 7
From Alexander Donald, 3 January, 8
From Benjamin Hawkins, enclosing Notes on 
  Senate Debate, 3 January, 10
From William Hay, 3 January, 15
To William Short, 3 January, 16
From Christopher Gore, 4 January, 16
From Benjamin Rush, 4 January, 17
George Washington to the Senate, 
  [ca. 4 January], 18
Memorandum on Meeting with Senate Committee, 
  4 January, 19
To George Washington, 4 January, 24
From Alexander Donald, 5 January, 25
To William Short, 5 January, 26
To J. P. P. Derieux, 6 January, 27
From Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 6 January, 28
To Pierre Charles L'Enfant, 7 January, 28
To Philip Mazzei, 7 January, 29
To William Short, 7 January, 30
From J. P. P. Derieux, 8 January, 30
To Francis Eppes, 8 January, 31
To Daniel L. Hylton, 8 January, 32
To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 8 January, 32
From Hasting Marks, 10 January, 33
Report on Appointment of Consul at Copenhagen, 
  10 January, 34
From James Monroe, [11] January, 35
From John Page, 11 January, 36
To James Madison, [12 January], 37
To John Page, 12 January, 38
From John Page, [12] January, 38
From John Page, [12] January, 39
To Charles Pinckney, 12 January, 39
To John Witherspoon, [12 January], 40
From Alexander Hamilton, 13 January, 40
From George Washington, [13 January], 41
From Richard Peters, 14 January, 41
From Jerman Baker, 15 January, 42
To Alexander Hamilton, 15 January, 43
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 15 January, 44
From George Washington, [15 January], 45
To George Washington, 15 January, 45
From Thomas Barclay, 16 January, 46
From George Washington, [16 January], 47
From William Knox, 17 January, 47
To Thomas Pinckney, 17 January, 49
From Benjamin Rush, 17 January, 50
George Washington to the Commissioners of the 
  Federal District, 17 January, 50
From George Washington, 18 January, 51
From Nathaniel Cutting, 21 January, 51
From George Hammond, 22 January, 52
To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 22 January, 52
Report on Case of Charles Russell, 
  22 January, 53
To Montmorin, 23 January, 55
To Gouverneur Morris, 23 January, 55
To William Short, 23 January, 58
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 
  23 January, 60
From Nathaniel Cutting, 24 January, 61
To Alexander Hamilton, 24 January, 62
From George Meade, 24 January, 63
From William Short, 24 January, 64
To Jose de Jaudenes and Jose Ignacio de Viar, 
  25 January, 66
From Jose de Jaudenes and Jose Ignacio de Viar, 
  25 January, 67
From William Short, 25 January, 68
To George Washington, 25 January, 73
To Alexander Hamilton, 26 January, 75
From Richard Harrison, 26 January, 75
To Jose de Jaudenes and Jose Ignacio de Viar, 
  26 January, 76
From Benjamin Rush, 26 January, 77
To Daniel Carroll, 27 January, 77
From Jose de Jaudenes and Jose Ignacio de Viar, 
  27 January, 78
From Edmund Randolph, 27 January, 81
To George Hammond, 28 January, 82
From Richard Peters, 28 January, 82
To William Short, 28 January, 83
From George Washington, 28 January, 84
To George Washington, enclosing George 
  Washington to Gouverneur Morris,
  28 January, 85
To Joshua Johnson, 29 January, 87
To Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 29 January, 87
From Thomas Barclay, 30 January, 88
From George Hammond, 30 January, 89
From George Hammond, 30 January, 90


February

From Thomas Auldjo, 1 February, 91
From David Humphreys, 1 February, 92
From Tobias Lear, 1 February, 93
From Lucy Ludwell Paradise, 1 February, 93
From Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 1 February, 95
To George Washington, 1 February, 96
To George Washington, [1 February], 96
From Joel Barlow, 2 February, 96
To George Hammond, 2 February, 97
From Daniel L. Hylton, 2 February, 98
From Daniel Carroll, 3 February, 98
From William Vaughan, 4 February, 99
To George Washington, 4 February, 100
To Daniel L. Hylton, 5 February, 102
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 5 February, 103
To Richard Harrison, 6 February, 103
From George Washington, [7? February], 104
To George Washington, 7 February, 104
From William Short, 8 February, 106
From George Washington, [9 February], 109
From David Humphreys, 11 February, 110
From Tobias Lear, 11 February, 111
From George Washington, 11 February, 111
From Daniel L. Hylton, 12 February, 112
From Madame d'Enville, 13 February, 112
From Joseph Fenwick, 13 February, 113
To Samuel A. Otis, 13 February, 114
From Thomas Paine, 13 February, 115
To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 13 February, 115
From J. P. P. Derieux, 14 February, 116
From Alexander Donald, 15 February, 118
From William Knox, 15 February, 119
From George Washington, 15 February, 119
From George Mason, 16 February, 120
From Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 
  17 February, 121
From George Hammond, 18 February, 122
From George Thompson, 18 February, 124
From Daniel L. Hylton, 19 February, 125
From James Madison, 20 February, 125
From Martha Jefferson Randolph, 
  20 February, 125
To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 
  20 February, 126
To Nathaniel Barret, 21 February, 127
From Nathaniel Cutting, 21 February, 127
From C. W. F. Dumas, 21 February, 128
Explanations of Ferdinand Grand's Accounts, 
  21 February, 128
Explanations of Willink, Van Staphorst & 
  Hubbard's Accounts, 21 February, 138
To Richard Harrison, 21 February, 140
To Pierre Charles L'Enfant, 22 February, 141
From Edmund Randolph, 22 February, 142
To The Speaker of the House of Representatives, 
  22 February, 143
From George Washington, [22 February], 143
From Thomas Barclay, 23 February, 144
From Anthony Giannini, 23 February, 145
From Thomas Barclay, 24 February, 145
From William Barton, 24 February, 146
From Delamotte, 24 February, 146
From George Washington, [24 February], 147
From David Campbell, 25 February, 148
To George Hammond, 25 February, 148
From Thomas Pinckney, 25 February, 149
To James Currie, 26 February, 149
From Pierre Charles L'Enfant, 26 February, 150
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 26 February, 159
To Fulwar Skipwith, 26 February, 159
From George Washington, 26 February, 160
From George Washington, 26 February, 160
To Pierre Charles L'Enfant, 27 February, 161
From Oliver Pollock, 27 February, 162
From George Washington, [ca. 28 February], 163
From Thomas Johnson, 29 February, 164
Report on Proceedings of Executive in Northwest 
  Territory, 29 February, 167
From William Short, 29 February, 167
From William Short, 29 February, 170
To Jean Baptiste Ternant, 29 February, 171
Notes on the Constitutionality of Bounties 
  to Encourage Manufacturing,
  [February], 172


March

From Thomas Barclay, 1 March, 174
From Walter Boyd, 1 March, 174
To Daniel Carroll, 1 March, 177
From Nathaniel Cutting, 1 March, 177
Hamilton's Notes on Report of Instructions 
  for the Commissioners to Spain,
  with Jefferson's Comments, 
  [1-5 March], 179
Memoranda of Conversations with the 
  President, 1 March, 184
To George Walker, 1 March, 188
Statement on Major William Galvan, 
  2 March, 188
From George Washington, 2 March, 189
To George Washington, 2 March, 189
To Jose de Jaudenes and Jose Ignacio 
  de Viar, 3 March, 191
From Jean Baptiste Ternant, 3 March, 191
To Jose de Jaudenes and Jose Ignacio de 
  Viar, 4 March, 191
Plan for Expediting Postal Service, 
  [4 March], 192
To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 4 March, 193
To the Speaker of the House of 
  Representatives, 4 March, 193
From George Washington, 4 March, 194
Agenda for Commissioners of the Federal 
  District, [ca. 5 March], 194
From George Hammond, 5 March, 196
From Tobias Lear, 5 March, 220
From James Madison, 5 March, 223
From George Washington, [5? March], 223
From Daniel Carroll, 6 March, 223
To the Commissioners of the Federal District, 
  enclosing Contract with Samuel Blodget, 
  Jr., An Advertisement for the Capitol, 
  and An Advertisement for the President's 
  House, 6 March, 224
From Alexander Hamilton, 6 March, 228
From David Humphreys, 6 March, 228
To Robert R. Livingston, 6 March, 229
Memorandum on Deed of Lormerie, 7 March, 230
To Jean Baptiste Ternant, 7 March, 231
From Jose de Jaudenes and Jose Ignacio de 
  Viar, 7 March, 232
To George Washington, 7 March, 233
To George Washington, 7 March, 234
From George Washington, [7 March], 234
To Thomas FitzSimons, 8 March, 235
To Elizabeth Hylton, 8 March, 236
To Thomas Johnson, enclosing Calculation 
  of Payment Schedule for Federal
  District Loan, 8 March, 236
From David Meade Randolph, 8 March, 239
From George Washington, [8 March], 239
Memorandum of Consultation on Indian Policy, 
  9 March, 239
From George Walker, 9 March, 244
To Alexander Hamilton, 10 March, 245
From Daniel L. Hylton, 10 March, 245
Memorandum on References by Congress to 
  Heads of Departments, [10 March], 246
To Gouverneur Morris, 10 March, 248
From George Washington, [10 March], 250
From Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 11 March, 250
From Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 11 March, 251
To the Commissioners of the Federal District, 
  11 March, 252
To Francis Eppes, enclosing Account with John 
  Banister, Jr., 11 March, 253
To James Lyle, 11 March, 255
Memorandum of Conference with the President on 
  Treaty with Algiers, 11 March, 256
Memoranda of Consultations with the President, 
  11 March-9 April, 258
From William Short, 11 March, 265
To Jerman Baker, 12 March, 268
To J. P. P. Derieux, 12 March, 268
To Hasting Marks, 12 March, 269
Memorandum of Advice for the President, 
  12 March, 269
Notes on British Commercial Relations with 
  United States, [12 March], 270
From George Washington, [12 March], 271
To John Witherspoon, 12 March, 271
To Edward Church, 13 March, 272
To Delamotte, 13 March, 273
To Joseph Fenwick, 13 March, 273
To William Hay, 13 March, 274
To Daniel L. Hylton, 13 March, 275
From Madame Plumard de Bellanger, 
  13 March, 275
To George Washington, 13 March, 277
From the Commissioners of the Federal 
  District, 14 March, 278
From the Commissioners of the Federal 
  District, 14 March, 278
To Henry Lee, 14 March, 281
George Washington to Louis XVI, 
  14 March, 281
From John Page, 14 March, 282
To George Walker, 14 March, 283
From George Washington, 14 March, 283
From George Washington, [14 March], 284
From Daniel Carroll, 15 March, 284
From Thomas Barclay, 16 March, 285
From Charles Louis Clerisseau, 16 March, 286
To James Madison, 16 March, 286
To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 16 March, 287
From Henry Remsen, 16 March, 288
To Jerman Baker, 17 March, 288
To John Joseph de Barth, 17 March, 289
From David Humphreys, 17 March, 290
To Daniel L. Hylton, 17 March, 290
From George Taylor, Jr., 17 March, 291
From Joel Barlow, 18 March, 292
To William Carmichael and William Short, 
  18 March, 292
From David Humphreys, 18 March, 293
From Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 
  18 March, 294
To Henry Remsen, 18 March, 295
Report on Negotiations with Spain, 
  18 March, 296
To William Short, 18 March, 317
To William Short, 18 March, 318
To George Washington, 18 March, 320
From Alexander Hamilton, 20 March, 320
To the Commissioners of the Federal 
  District, 21 March, 320
From John Melcher, 21 March, 322
From George Walker, enclosing Robert 
  Peters and Others to George Walker,
  21 March, 322
To George Washington, [21 March], 323
From George Washington, [21 March], 324
To Thomas Bell, 22 March, 324
From Joseph Ceracchi, 22 March, 325
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 22 March, 326
Report on Proposed Convention with Spain 
  Concerning Fugitives, enclosing
  Proposed Convention with Spain and 
  Considerations on a Convention with Spain, 
  22 March, 327
To the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 
  22 March, 332
From Andrew Ellicott, 23 March, 332
From Daniel L. Hylton, 23 March, 333
To Jose de Jaudenes and Jose Ignacio de Viar, 
  23 March, 334
From Henry Lee, 23 March, 335
From Jean Baptiste Ternant, 24 March, 336
From George Washington, [24 March], 336
To John Hancock, 25 March, 337
From David Humphreys, 25 March, 337
From William Short, 25 March, 337
From George Washington, 25 March, 341
From Benjamin Hawkins, 26 March, 342
To Daniel L. Hylton, 26 March, 343
Memorandum of Conversation between 
  Philemon Dickinson and George
  Hammond, 26 March, 344
From Benjamin Rush, 26 March, 345
To George Walker, 26 March, 345
To David Campbell, 27 March, 346
From Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 
  27 March, 347
To Timothy Pickering, 28 March, 347
From Fulwar Skipwith, 28 March, 348
To George Washington, 28 March, 349
From the Commissioners of the Federal 
  District, 30 March, 350
To George Hammond, 30 March, 352
From George Hammond, 30 March 354
From David Humphreys, 30 March, 355
To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 30 March, 355
From George Washington, [30 March], 356
From Thomas Barclay, 31 March, 356
To George Hammond, 31 March, 357


April

To William Barton, 1 April, 358
To Jacob Blackwell, 1 April, 359
From William Lewis, 1 April, 359
To Charles Pinckney, 1 April, 360
From George Washington, [1 April], 361
To George Washington, enclosing 
  Considerations on Policy toward Algiers,
  1 April, 361
To Hugh Williamson, 1 April, 363
From John Churchman, 2 April, 363
From James Monroe, 2 April, 365
From George Pfeiffer, 2 April, 365
To Rodolph Valltravers, 2 April, 366
To George Washington, 2 April, 367
From Andrew Ellicott, 3 April, 367
From Tobias Lear, 3 April, 368
From George Washington, 3 April, 368
To David Allison, 4 April, 369
From Fisher Ames, 4 April, 369
To John Churchman, 4 April, 369
Opinion on Apportionment Bill, 
  4 April, 370
From George Washington, [4 April], 378
To George Washington, 4 April, 378
To Benjamin Bankson, [5 April], 378
To the Commissioners of the Federal 
  District, 5 April, 379
To Leonard Herbaugh, 5 April, 379
From George Hammond, 6 April, 379
From Joshua Johnson, 6 April, 381
From Gouverneur Morris, 6 April, 382
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 6 April, 384
To Thomas Barclay, 9 April, 384
To William Carmichael, 9 April, 385
To the Commissioners of the Federal 
  District, 9 April, 385
To David Humphreys, 9 April, 386
To Adam Lindsay, 9 April, 388
From James Maury, 9 April, 388
From Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 9 April, 389
From William Rawle, 9 April, 389
From Thomas Barclay, 10 April, 391
From Gouverneur Morris, 10 April, 392
From Elias Boudinot, [11 April], 393
From Elias Boudinot, 11 April, 394
From the Commissioners of the Federal 
  District, 11 April, 396
From George Hammond, 11 April, 397
From Daniel L. Hylton, 11 April, 399
From Thomas Johnson, 11 April, 400
From James Monroe, 11 April, 400
To James Monroe, 11 April, 401
From Henry Remsen, 11 April, 401
To the Senators and Representatives of 
  Virginia, 11 April, 403
To George Washington, 11 April, 404
From William Duval, 12 April, 404
From W. Barry Grove, 12 April, 405
To George Hammond, 12 April, 406
From George Hammond, 12 April, 406
From Benjamin Hawkins, 12 April, 407
To Nicholas Lewis, 12 April, 408
From Adam Lindsay, 12 April, 409
From Nathaniel Macon, 12 April, 410
To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 12 April, 411
From John Steele, [12 April], 411
From Edward Church, 13 April, 412
From Nathaniel Cutting, 13 April, 413
To George Hammond, 13 April, 417
From George Hammond, [13 April], 418
From John Hylton, 13 April, 418
From Joshua Johnson, 13 April, 419
From Samuel Johnston, 13 April, 420
To George Washington, 13 April, 421
From the Commissioners of the Federal 
  District, 14 April, 422
To Francis Eppes, enclosing Form of 
  Receipt for Bonds, 14 April, 423
From Mark Leavenworth, 14 April, 424
To Henry Remsen, 14 April, 425
From Thomas Barclay, 15 April, 426
From Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 15 April, 427
From Tobias Lear, 15 April, 427
From Samuel Smith, 15 April, 428
From Daniel Carroll, 16 April, 428
From Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 
  16 April, 429
American Philosophical Society's Circular 
  on the Hessian Fly, 17 April, 430
From Samuel Mackay, 17 April, 433
To Alexander Hamilton, 19 April, 433
From Alexander Hamilton, 19 April, 433
From Alexander Hamilton, 19 April, 434
To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 19 April, 435
From Samuel Blodget, Jr., 20 April, 437
To the Commissioners of the Federal 
  District, 20 April, 437
To William Foushee, 22 April, 438
From William Irvine, [ca. 22] April, 439
From William Short, 22 April, 440
From William Blount, 23 April, 443
From the Senators and Representatives of 
  Maryland, [23 April], 444
From Henry Remsen, 23 April, 447
To Samuel Smith, 23 April, 453
To William Carmichael and William Short, 
  24 April, 453
To William Carmichael, 24 April, 454
To Samuel and Sheppard Church, 
  24 April, 455
From D'Anmours, 24 April, 455
To Joseph Fenwick, 24 April, 456
From Catherine Greene, [ca. 24 April], 457
To Thomas Leiper, 24 April, 457
From John F. Mifflin, 24 April, 458
To William Short, 24 April, 458
To William Short, 24 April, 460
Affidavit of Samuel Bayard, 25 April, 461
To David Beveridge, 25 April, 461
From C. W. F. Dumas, 25 April, 461
From the Senators and Representatives of 
  Georgia, 25 April, 462
To Catherine Greene, 25 April, 462
From Catherine Greene, 25 April, 463
To Richard Henry Lee, 25 April, 463
From Gouverneur Morris, 25 April, 464
From Adam Lindsay, 26 April, 465
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 27 April, 466
To Gouverneur Morris, 28 April, 467
From Charles Pinckney, 28 April, 469
From George Washington, 28 April, 470
To Delamotte, 29 April, 471
To Joseph Fenwick, 29 April, 471
From David Humphreys, 29 April, 472
To Gouverneur Morris, 29 April, 472
From Joseph Fenwick, 30 April, 473
From James Maury, 30 April, 474


May

From Stephen Cathalan, Jr., 1 May, 474
From George Gilmer, 1 May, 474
From James Monroe, 1 May, 475
To Henry Knox, 2 May, 476
From William Short, 2 May, 477
From Samuel Blodget, Jr., 3 May, 479
From Ernst Frederick Gayer, 3 May, 480
From David Humphreys, 3 May, 480
From Thomas Newton, Jr., 4 May, 481
From Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 4 May, 481
To Edward Church, 5 May, 482
To John Dobson, 5 May, 482
From William B. Giles, 6 May, 483
From Thomas Barclay, 7 May, 485
From Martha Jefferson Randolph, 7 May, 486
From James Maury, 8 May, 487
George Washington to William Smith, 
  8 May, 487
From George Hammond, 9 May, 488
From William Vans Murray, [9 May], 488
From Thomas Pinckney, 9 May, 489
From Thomas Barclay, 10 May, 490
From Daniel Carroll, 10 May, 490
To the Commissioners of the Federal District, 
  11 May, 491
From Madame d'Enville, 11 May, 491
To George Gilmer, 11 May, 492
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 11 May, 493
From Hans Rodolph Saabye, 11 May, 493
To Samuel Sterett, 11 May, 495
To Elias Vanderhorst, 11 May, 495
From Andrew Ellicott, 13 May, 496
To James Madison, enclosing Notes on 
  Bonds, 13 May, 496
From Samuel Sterett, 13 May, 498
From Daniel L. Hylton, [14 May], 498
From John Page, 15 May, 499
From John M. Pintard, 15 May, 499
From Hugh Rose, 15 May, 500
From William Short, 15 May, 503
From William Short, 15 May, 505
From Edward Church, 16 May, 510
To Sharp Delany, 16 May, 513
From Daniel L. Hylton, 16 May, 513
James Madison's Notes on Jefferson's 
  Letter to George Hammond,
  [ca. 16 May], 514
To Thomas Pinckney, 16 May, 517
From Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 16 May, 517
To George Washington, 16 May, 518
From Thomas Barclay, 17 May, 519
From Edward Church, 17 May, 520
From Daniel L. Hylton, 17 May, 521
To Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., 17 May, 521
From William Short, 17 May, 522
To Jose de Jaudenes and Jose Ignacio de 
  Viar, 17 May, 523
To James Madison, [18 May], 524
From John Sinclair, 18 May, 524
To George Washington, 18 May, 524
From Joshua Johnson, 19 May, 525
From Francis Willis, 19 May, 526
From Joseph Fenwick, 20 May, 526
Alexander Hamilton's Notes on Jefferson's 
  Letter to George Hammond, with
  Jefferson's Response, [20-27 May], 527
From David Humphreys, 21 May, 531
From George Washington, 21 May, 532
From Philip Mazzei, 23 May, 533
To George Washington, 23 May, 535
To George Washington, 23 May, 535
To Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 
  23 May, 541
From J. P. P. Derieux, 25 May, 542
From James Fanning, 25 May, 542
From Daniel L. Hylton, 25 May, 543
From Edward Rutledge, 26 May, 544
To Thomas Leiper, 27 May, 545
From James Maury, 27 May, 545
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 
  27 May, 546
From Martha Jefferson Randolph, 
  27 May, 546
From Thomas Barclay, 28 May, 547
From Peter Carr, 28 May, 548
To Henry Knox, 28 May, 549
From William Knox, 28 May, 549
From Ezra Stiles, 28 May, 550
To George Hammond, 29 May, 551
From Thomas Leiper, 29 May, 613
From Edmund Randolph, 29 May, 614
To Mary Jefferson, [30 May], 614
From Thomas Leiper, 30 May, 614
To Thomas Leiper, 30 May, 615
To George Washington, 30 May, 615
From Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, 
  30 May, 616
Circular to Consuls and Vice-Consuls, 
  31 May, 617
To James Mease, 31 May, 620
From F. P. Van Berckel, 31 May, 621
To James Woodhouse, 31 May, 621

INDEX, 623



ILLUSTRATIONS
Following page 346

WILLIAM CARMICHAEL (ca. 1738-1795)

  Carmichael was a Maryland-born and Scottish-educated diplomat with long
experience in Spanish affairs. During the American Revolution he undertook
several diplomatic assignments for the new nation in France and Germany
and served a term as a member of the Continental Congress. He began his
diplomatic career in Spain in 1780 as secretary to the American minister,
John Jay, and after Jay's departure two years later he remained in Spain as
charge d'affaires for the confederation and federal governments. Owing to this
experience, Jefferson advised Washington to appoint Carmichael in January
1792 as one of two special commissioners to settle the leading diplomatic
issues between the United States and Spain. But because of Carmichael's
failure to correspond with him regularly as Secretary of State, Jefferson took
care to ensure that the other appointment went to William Short, a more
efficient and expeditious diplomat than Carmichael. This precaution proved
to be thoroughly justified, for in consequence of Carmichael's declining health
Short was obliged to shoulder the main burden of negotiating with the Spanish
government and keeping Jefferson informed of the mission's progress.
  Miniature by unidentified artist. (Courtesy of the Frick Art Library, New
York City)


ANTHONY WAYNE (1745-1796)

  General Arthur St. Clair's shattering defeat at the hands of the Western
Indians in November 1791 made his replacement as commander of the United
States Army imperative in the eyes of the Washington administration. The
President consulted with the Cabinet about a successor to St. Clair on 9 Mch.
1792 and discussed the merits of Wayne, the noted Revolutionary War hero
from Pennsylvania, and other former military officers without arriving at a
final decision. At this meeting Jefferson recommended the appointment of
Thomas Sumter, an experienced Indian fighter from South Carolina who was
currently a member of the House of Representatives and a staunch opponent of
Hamiltonian policies. In the end, however, Washington chose his old comrade
in arms Wayne as the new army commander because Wayne's military rank
and experience surpassed those of the other candidates under consideration
for this office. Under Wayne's leadership the army broke the back of Indian
resistance to American expansion in the Northwest Territory with its decisive
victory over the Western tribes at the battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.
  Portrait by Edward Savage. (Courtesy of the New-Tork Historical
Society)


ELIAS BOUDINOT (1740-1821)

  Boudinot was a distinguished conservative public servant from New Jersey
who was commissary-general of prisoners for a time during the War for Inde-
pendence, president of the Continental Congress when it ratified the definitive
treaty of peace with Great Britain, and director of the United States Mint
after David Rittenhouse's death in 1795. Throughout most of the Washington
administration Boudinot was a staunchly Federalist member of the House of
Representatives and a strong supporter of Hamiltonian policies. Despite their
political differences, Jefferson unhesitatingly turned to Boudinot for assistance
in composing that portion of his 29 May 1792 letter to George Hammond
on infractions of the Treaty of Paris in which he rebutted the British minis-
ter's contention that New Jersey's treatment of a Loyalist named John Smith
Hatfield was a violation of this agreement. Boudinot, who promptly supplied
Jefferson with the information he needed to dispose of this charge, was but
one of many congressmen and senators Jefferson consulted in the course of
preparing this celebrated state paper.
  Portrait painted by Charles Willson Peale in 1784. (Courtesy of the Art
Library, Princeton University)


ANONYMOUS LETTER TO PRESIDENT WASHINGTON

  This illustration comes from the opening page of the first in a series of three
undated anonymous letters to Washington that he received on 3 Jan. 1792,
20 Jan. 1792, and the end of March 1792. Internal evidence suggests that
they were written by a Northern Federalist who may have been a member
of the House of Representatives. They are historically significant as the first
concerted Federalist attack on Jefferson and as the first systematic statement
of the standard Federalist critique of his personal character and public career.
Lashing out at Jefferson as the unscrupulous leader of a faction of disgruntled
Virginians, the letters criticized him for scheming to bring about Washington's
retirement after only one term so that he himself could then become President,
for cowardice in the face of the British as governor of Virginia, for atheism
in religion and democratic extremism in politics, for excessive attachment to
France and undue hostility to Great Britain, and for founding the National
Gazette expressly to generate popular opposition to the policies of Alexander
Hamilton. This vituperative assault on Jefferson reflected the growing polar-
ization of political life in the new American nation in the final year of Wash-
ington's first administration. (Courtesy of the Library of Congress)


"MASSACHUSSETTENSIS" ATTACKS JEFFERSON

  This shows the title page of "Massachusettensis," Strictures and Observa-
tions upon the Three Executive Departments of the Government of the
United States, the first pamphlet attack on Jefferson's conduct as Secretary of
State. Although this pamphlet has been variously attributed to Fisher Ames,
a Federalist Congressman from Massachusetts, and Daniel Leonard, a Mas-
sachusetts Loyalist who used the same pseudonym in a famous controversy
with John Adams during the American Revolution, newly discovered evidence
in this volume suggests that the author may have been Sir John Temple, a
native of Massachusetts who was British consul general in America in 1792. If
this attribution is correct, then Strictures and Observations must be viewed
as a bold effort by a British agent to alter the course of American foreign policy
by arraigning Jefferson in the court of public opinion for allegedly betraying
the national interest by favoring France over Great Britain. (Courtesy of the
American Antiquarian Society)


PLAN OF THE CITY OF WASHINGTON IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT

  This plan of the Federal District was engraved by James Thackara and John
Vallance of Philadelphia in October 1792. It is somewhat more detailed than a
similar engraving produced by Samuel Hill of Boston in the summer of 1792.
The Thackara-Vallance and Hill engravings were based, in turn, on a plan of
the Federal District made by Pierre Charles L'Enfant in 1791 and altered early
in 1792 by Jefferson and the surveyor Andrew Ellicott. The primary object of
these engraved plans, of which five thousand copies were in circulation by the
end of 1792, was to promote the sale of lots in the Federal District. (Courtesy
of the American Antiquarian Society)


REPORT ON NEGOTIATIONS WITH SPAIN

  This specimen page comes from the draft of Jefferson's 18 Mch. 1792
report to Washington on the leading points at issue between Spain and United
States. After the final text of the report received Washington's approval, Jef-
ferson transmitted it to William Carmichael and William Short to serve as
their instructions as joint commissioners to Spain. The page reproduced here
comes from the section of the report dealing with the navigation of the Mis-
sissippi river. The exquisite detail in which Jefferson traced the course of the
Mississippi, as well as his erasures and marginal insertions, all testify to the
painstaking care he took to establish the right of the United States to navi-
gate this vital river, a right he regarded as essential, not only to the nation's
future prosperity, but also for the survival of the union itself. (Courtesy of the
Library of Congress)


JEFFERSON RESPONDS TO GEORGE HAMMOND

  This illustrates the first page of the draft of Jefferson's famous letter of 29
May 1792 to British minister George Hammond on the enforcement of the
disputed articles of the Treaty of Paris. Before transmitting the final text to
Hammond, Jefferson submitted the draft to his colleagues in the Cabinet and
to James Madison in order to ensure that his letter represented the views of
a united administration. There is no evidence that Attorney General Edmund
Randolph or Secretary of War Henry Knox recommended any alterations,
but Madison and Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton did suggest
a number of revisions. Jefferson accepted many of these without, however,
weakening his argument that Great Britain had been the first to violate the
treaty by refusing to evacuate certain posts in American territory. The page
illustrated here reflects changes Jefferson made in the draft in response to
the suggestions of Madison and Hamilton as well as on his own initiative.
(Courtesy of the Library of Congress)
			

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