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Table of Contents of
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
Volume 19

edited by
Julian P. Boyd

Table of Contents, All Volumes   |  Catalog record and links to related information from the Library of Congress catalog

	
CONTENTS

January 1791 to March 1791

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y
ILLUSTRATIONS


A

Adams, John, letter from, to Richard Codman, 
  315 (note); letter from, to John Trumbull, 
  104
Admission of Kentucky and Vermont to Union, 
  Editorial Note, 364-76; documents concerning, 
  376-81; report on power of President in
  nominating officers for Vermont, 376; Jeremiah 
  Wadsworth to Secretary of State, 377; report on 
  candidates for office in Vermont, 378; Secretary 
  of State to Governor of Vermont, 379; Secretary 
  of State to president of Kentucky Convention, 
  380; draft of message from President to the 
  Senate, 380
Allen, Ethan, letter from, to Lord Dorchester, 
  367 (note)
American commerce, Editorial Note, 121-27; documents 
  concerning, 127-39. See also, Commerce, American, 
  memoranda and statistics on.
Ames, Fisher, letter from, [378] (note)
Anderson, Joseph, judicial appointment of, Editorial 
  Note, 381-402; documents concerning, 402-08; 
  Anderson to President, 382 (note), 383 (note), 385, 
  387 (note), 402, 405, 406; summary statement of 
  account as paymaster, 384 (note); solicitation of 
  appointment from President, 385; Anderson to TJ, 
  [389] (note), 399 (note); Lear to Secretary of State, 
  403, 408; John Vining to Anderson, 404; opinion of 
  Secretary of State, 408
Anthony, Joseph, letter from, to Tench Coxe, 196; 
  replies by, to queries on fisheries, 197; table of 
  prices on fish by, 195 (note), 198; "Calculation of 
  the Bank fishery in a Schooner of fifty Tons," 
  195 (note)
A Real Republican, comments in press by, on fisheries, 
  153 (note), 154
Auldjo, Thomas, letter to, 319
Austin, Benjamin, Jr., draft by, of report of joint 
  committee on the fisheries, 149


B

Bank of the United States, opinion on bill for 
  establishing, 275
Barclay, Thomas, letters from, 247, 535
Barrett, Samuel, letter from, to Henry Knox, 306
Barry, John, letter from, 271
Barth, John Joseph de, letter from, 359; letter to, 
  from Washington, 359 (note)
Bassett, Richard, letter to, from John Dickinson, 
  394 (note)
Beall, Thomas, letter to, from Washington, 69 (note)
Bingham, William, address by, to President of 
  National Assembly, 96 (note)
Blount, William, letter from, 284; letters to, 
  535, 605
Bond, Phineas, letter from, to Duke of Leeds, 
  166 (note)
Brown, Andrew, report on memorial of, 251
Brown, James, letters to, [262] (note), 541
Brown, William, letter to, 579


C

Cabot, George, letter from, to Washington, 
  318 (note)
Carey, Mathew, letter to, 606
Carmichael, William, "Description of a Natural 
  Bridge ... ," 299 (note); letters to, 522, 574
Carroll, Daniel, letters from, 62, 67; letter 
  to, 63
Cathalan, Stephen, Jr., letter to, 74
Cazenove, Theophile, letter from, to his 
  principals, 281 (note); letters from, to Pieter 
  Stadnitski, &c., 453 (note), 455 (note); letter 
  to, from Hamilton, 457
Channing, William, letter to, 628
Chiappe, Francisco, letter from, to John Jay, 
  325 (note)
Childs & Swaine, letter from, 115; note to, from 
  Henry Remsen, Jr., 380 (note)
Chipman, Nathaniel, letter from, to Alexander 
  Hamilton, 371 (note); letter from, to President, 
  375 (note); letter to, from Hamilton, 371 (note); 
  letters to, from Tobias Lear, 370 (note), 373 
  (note); petition from, to President and Congress, 
  372
Chittenden, Thomas, letter to, 379
Clarkson, Matthew, letter from, to Washington, 
  458 (note)
Codman, Richard, letter to, from John Adams, 315 
  (note)
Coffin, Peleg, Jr. and others, letter from, to John 
  Hancock, 173
Colden, Henrietta Maria, letter from, 248
Colley, Nathaniel, letters from, 426, 426 (note); 
  letters to, 260, 426 (note)
Commerce, American, memoranda and statistics on, 
  Editorial Note, 121-27; documents concerning, 
  127-39; Jefferson's notes on Sheffield's 
  Observations on the Commerce of the American 
  States, 127; Jefferson's notes on Coxe's Commercial 
  System for the United States, 132; extracts from 
  speech of William Pitt, 133; notes on American
  trade with Ireland, 134; estimate of American 
  imports, 135; estimate of American exports, 136; 
  exports from eight Northern states before 1776, 139
Commissioners of Federal District, letter to, 67
Commune of Paris, letter from President of, to 
  President and members of Congress, 107
Consular problems, Editorial Note, 301-13; documents 
  concerning, 313-20; Jefferson's draft memorandum on 
  consular vacancies, 313; report of Secretary of 
  State on case of Thomas Auldjo, 316; report of 
  Secretary of State on consular vacancies, 316; 
  Secretary of State to Thomas Auldjo, 319; 
  Secretary of State to James Yard, 319
Cooke, John, letter from, to Washington, 626; 
  description by, of new standard for weights and 
  measures, 627 (note)
Coram, Robert, letter from, 409; letter from, to 
  Washington, 409 (note)
Coventry, Robert, letter from, 262 (note)
Coxe, Tench, information on fisheries supplied by, 
  227 (note), 235 (note); letters from, 116, 118, 
  195, 235 (note), 237, 360, 410, 553, 587; letter 
  to, 350; letter to, from Joseph Anthony, 196; 
  notes on American fisheries by, 182; notes on 
  Dutch and Prussian fisheries by, 175; report by, 
  on tonnage of foreign and American vessels, to
  James Madison, 234 (note); "Thoughts on the 
  Navigation of the United States ..." by, 411; 
  TJ's notes on Commercial System for the United 
  States by, 132
Currie, James, letters from, 553, 554 (note); 
  letter to, 600


D

Dawes, Thomas, Jr., letter from, to Washington, 
  315 (note)
Deakins, William, Jr., letters to, from Washington, 
  33, 285, 358
Delaire, Thomas, letter from, 596
Delamotte, letters from, 260, 261 (note), 605
Derieux, J. P. P., letter from, 249; letter to, 601
Desalination of sea water, experiments in, Editorial 
  Note, 608-14; documents concerning, 614-24; 
  Secretary of State to James Hutchinson, 614, 616; 
  Caspar Wistar, Jr. to Secretary of State, 614, 
  616; Secretary of State to Caspar Wistar, Jr., 
  615; affidavit of Secretary of State on result of 
  experiments, 617; Secretary of State to Isaac
  Senter, 618, 621; Isaac Senter to Secretary of 
  State, 619; Jacob Isaacks to Secretary of State, 
  622, 623; Secretary of State to Jacob Isaacks, 623
Dickinson, John, letter from, to Richard Bassett, 
  394 (note)
Disunion in the West, threat of, Editorial Note, 
  429-518; documents concerning, 518-30; Secretary 
  of State to Juan Nepomuceno de Quesada, 518; 
  Secretary of State to Edward Telfair, 519; President
  to James Seagrove, 520; Jefferson to Harry Innes, 
  521; President to Secretary of State, 522, 529; 
  Secretary of State to William Carmichael, 522; 
  memorial of Joseph St. Marie, 524; Secretary of 
  State to William Short, 527, 529; Secretary of 
  State to President, 529
Donald, Andrew, letter to, 541
Dorchester, Lord, letter to, from Ethan Allen, 
  367 (note)
Duer, William, letter to, from Hamilton, 456; 
  letters to, from Henry Knox, 446, 449 (note)
Dumas, C. W. F., dispatch from, 531; letter from, 
  274


E

Edwards, Pierpont, letter to, 642
Elk-hill, advertisement for sale of, 264 (note)
Ellicott, Andrew, letter from, 70; letter from, 
  to his wife, 47; letter to, 68
Eppes, Francis, letter to, 554
Ewell, Maxcey, letter from, 321; letter from, to 
  James Madison, 322 (note)


F

Federal District, locating the, Editorial Note, 
  3-58; documents concerning, 58-73; Madison's 
  advice on executing Residence Act, 58; Presi-
  dent to Secretary of State, 61, 62, 68; Daniel 
  Carroll to Secretary of State, 62, 67; Secretary 
  of State to Daniel Carroll, 63; President to
  Senate and House of Representatives, 64; 
  proclamations by President, 65, 72; Secretary of 
  State to Commissioners, 67; Secretary of State
  to Andrew Ellicott, 68; Andrew Ellicott to 
  Secretary of State, 70
Federal District Commissioners, letter to, 67
Fenwick, Joseph, letter from, 597; letter to, 602
Fenwick, Mason & Co., letters from, 266, 630
Fisheries, report on, Editorial Note, 140-72; 
  documents concerning, 172-237; Governor of 
  Massachusetts to Secretary of State, 172;
  Peleg Coffin, Jr., and others to John Hancock, 
  173; Tench Coxe's notes on Dutch and Prussian 
  fisheries, 175; Coxe's notes on American 
  fisheries, 182; Coxe to Secretary of State, 
  and enclosures from Joseph Anthony, 195, 195 
  (note); memoranda by James Madison, 199; 
  Christopher Gore to Lear, 200; Jefferson's 
  notes and outline for report, 204; Secretary 
  of State to Speaker of House of Representa-
  tives, 206; report on American fisheries by 
  Secretary of State, 206; Jefferson to John 
  Hancock, 237
Florida Blanca, letter from, 269
Fontaine, Moses, letters to, from James Maury, 
  441 (note)
Foreign fund, estimate of expenses of, 1790-1791, 
  583
France, appeal to, for European concert on 
  navigation laws, 558-75. See also, Search for 
  a European concert on navigation laws.
Franklin, Benjamin, death of, Editorial Note, 
  78-106; documents concerning, 106-115; 
  resolution by Samuel Maclay, 95; William Bing-
  ham to President of National Assembly, 96 (note); 
  John Adams to John Trumbull, 104; Secretary of 
  State to President, 106; President of Commune of 
  Paris to President and members of Congress, 107;
  Lear to Secretary of State, 108; Louis XVI to 
  Washington, 108; President of National Assembly 
  to "The President of Congress," 109; President to 
  President of National Assembly, 110; Jefferson to 
  the Rev. William Smith, 112; Jefferson to John 
  Vaughan, 114; Secretary of State to President of 
  National Assembly, 114
Freneau, Philip, letter from, 416; letter to, 351


G

Gardoqui, Diego de, letter from, 238; letters to, 
  from John Jay, 496, 503
Gerna, Anthony, letter from, 627
Glover, Jonathan and Samuel Sewall, memorial of, 
  to General Court, 153
Gore, Christopher, letter from, to Tobias Lear, 
  200; letter to, 629
Great collaborators, Editorial Note, 544-51; 
  documents concerning, 551-52; Jefferson to 
  Madison, 551; Madison to Jefferson, 552
Green, Samuel, letter from, to Lord Penrhyn, 
  203 (note)
Gregory, John, Comparative view of the state and 
  faculties of man, 282 (note)
Grenville, Lord, letter to, from Charles Stokes, 
  203 (note)
Greville, Charles Francis, letter from, to John 
  St. Barbe, 203 (note); letter to, from St. Barbe, 
  203 (note)
Griffin, Samuel, letter to, 266 (note)


H

Hamilton, Alexander, letter from, to Cazenove, 457; 
  letter from, to Nathaniel Chipman, 371 (note); 
  letter from, to William Duer, 456; letter from, 
  to Richard Harison, 376 (note); letter to, from 
  Nathaniel Chipman, 371 (note); letter to, from 
  Arthur St. Clair, 464 (note); letter to, from 
  William Short, 458 (note); letter to, from 
  Washington, 38 (note). See also, United States: 
  Secretary of Treasury.
Hancock, John, letter from, 172; letter to, 237; 
  letter to, from Peleg Coffin, Jr. and others, 
  173
Harison, Richard, letter to, from Hamilton, 
  376 (note)
Harvie, John, Jr., letters from, 74, 584
Hawkesbury, Lord, letter to, from Charles Stokes, 
  202 (note)
Hawkins, Benjamin, letter from, 286
Hay, William, letter from, 286; letter to, 256
Hazard, Ebenezer, letters from, 284, 288 (note); 
  letter to, 287; memorial to Congress, 
  288 (note)
Hellstedt, Charles, letter to, 272
Hodgdon, Samuel, affidavit concerning, 361
Holker, John, letter to, from Henry Knox, 447
Hollingsworth, Levi, affidavit concerning, 361
Howell, Joseph, certificate of, 387 (note)
Humphreys, David, dispatches from, 254, 270, 421, 
  643; letter from, to President, 419 (note); 
  letter of credence for, to Maria I of Portugal, 
  321 (note); letter to, 572; letter to, from 
  President, 419 (note)
Hutchinson, James, letters to, 614, 616
Hylton, Daniel L., letters from, 294, 537; letters 
  to, 262, 353


I

Innes, Harry, letter from, to Washington, 437 
  (note); letter to, 521
Innes, James, letter to, 542
Ireland, notes on American trade with, 134
Isaacks, Jacob, letters from, 622, 623; letters to, 
  [618] (note), 623. See Editorial Note, 
  Desalination of sea water, experiments in, 608-24.


J

Jackson, William, letter from, 630
Jaquett, Peter, letter from, 399 (note); letters 
  from, to Washington, 394 (note), 395, [397] 
  (note); letter to, from Tobias Lear, 397
Jay, John, drafts of messages on Spain, 500 (note), 
  502, 503; letter from, 325; letters from, to 
  Gardoqui, 496, 503; letter to, from Francisco 
  Chiappe, 325 (note); letter to, from Washington, 
  499
Jefferson, John Garland, letter from, 336; 
  letter to, 252
Jefferson, Mary, letters from, 271, 423, 607; 
  letters to, 282, 427, 644
Jefferson, Thomas, advertisement for sale of 
  Elk-hill, 264 (note); collaboration with Madison, 
  544-51; meteorological observations by, 330. See 
  also, United States: Secretary of State.
Johnson, Joshua, letters from, 332, 338, 607, 624
Jones, John Paul, letter from, 588


K

Kentucky, admission to Union of, Editorial Note, 
  364-76; documents concerning, 376-81. See also, 
  Admission of Kentucky and Vermont to Union.
Knox, Henry, letters from, to William Duer, 446, 
  449 (note); letter from, to John Holker, 447; 
  letter from, to Tobias Lear, 386; letters from, 
  to Shaw & Randall, 449 (note); letter from, to 
  Washington, 447 (note); letter to, from Samuel 
  Barrett, 306; letter to, from Lear, 274 (note)


L

Lamb, John, letter from, 581 (note); letter to, 
  581
Lambert, letter from, 267
Lear, Tobias, letters from, 108, 403, 408; letters 
  from, to Nathaniel Chipman and Lewis R. Morris, 
  370 (note), 373 (note); letter from, to Peter 
  Jaquett, 397; letter from, to Henry Knox, 274 
  (note); letter to, from Christopher Gore, 200; 
  letter to, from Henry Knox, 386
Lee, Henry, letter from, to James Madison, 12; 
  letter to, from Madison, 14
Leeds, Duke of, letter to, from Phineas Bond, 
  166 (note)
Leiper, Thomas, letter to, 342
L'Enfant, Pierre Charles, letter to, 355
Lewis, Nicholas, letter to, with enclosure of 
  advertisement for sale of Elk-hill, 263, 264 
  (note)
Lewis, William, letter to, 645
Lindsay, Adam, letter from, 353 (note); letter to, 
  581
Littlepage, Lewis, letters from, 417, 599
Liverpool Chamber of Commerce, letter from 
  secretary of, to Lord Penrhyn, 203 (note)
Livingston, Robert R., letter from, 295; letter 
  to, 240
Louis XVI, letter from, to President, 108; letter 
  to, from President, 425 (note)
Ludwell, Philip, letter to, from James Maury, 
  441 (note)
Lur-Saluces, Madame de, letter from, 334


M

McHenry, James, letter from, 254 (note); letter 
  from, to William Short, 254 (note); letters to, 
  253, 628
Maclay, Samuel, resolution by, 95
Madison, James, advice on executing Residence Act 
  by, 58; collaboration with Jefferson, 544-51; 
  letter from, 552; letter from, to Henry Lee, 14; 
  letters from, to Washington, 7, 15; letter to, 
  551; letter to, from Maxcey Ewell, 322 (note); 
  letter to, from Henry Lee, 12; letters to, from 
  George Nicholas, 439 (note), 466, 476, 477, 479,
  480, 482 (note); letters to, from Adam Stephen, 
  13, 436 (note); memoranda by, for TJ's report on 
  fisheries, 199; "Outline of an Answer to a 
  Pamphlet" by, 281 (note); report to, on tonnage 
  of American and foreign vessels, by Tench Coxe, 
  234 (note)
Map of southern U.S., proposal for, 265 (note)
Maria I, of Portugal, letter of credence to, for 
  David Humphreys, 321 (note)
Martin, Alexander, letter to, 606 (note)
Mason, George, letter to, 241
Maury, James, letters from, 356, 357 (note); letters 
  from, to Moses Fontaine, 441 (note); letter from, 
  to Philip Ludwell, 441 (note)
Maxwell, James, letter to, 592
Mississippi question, confrontation with Spain on, 
  Editorial Note, 429-518, documents concerning, 
  518-30. See also, Disunion in the West.
Monroe, James, letters from, 285, 631; letter 
  from, to Archibald Stuart, 467 (note)
Montgomery, John, letters from, 315 (note)
Montgomery, Robert, letter from, 552
Montmorin, letter to, from Gouverneur Morris, 
  349 (note)
Morris, Gouverneur, dispatch from, 343; letter 
  from, enclosing notes on tobacco, 575; 
  letter from, to Montmorin, 349 (note); 
  observations by, on decrees respecting 
  tobacco, 347
Morris, Lewis R., letters to, from Tobias Lear, 
  370 (note), 373 (note); petition from, to 
  President and Congress, 372
Morris, Robert, letter to, from John Telles, 
  312, 312 (note)
Moustier, Elie, Comte de, letter to, 357
Moylan, Stephen, letter from, 315 (note)
Murray, William, letter to, 598
Muter, George, letter to, 380


N

Nantucket, account of whale fishery of, 173 
  (note); petition of inhabitants of, 146 
  (note), 147
National Assembly of France, letter from, to 
  "President of Congress," 109; letter to 
  President of, 114; letter to President of, 
  from President, 110
Navigation laws, search for a European concert 
  on, Editorial Note, 558-70; documents 
  concerning 570-75. See also, Search for a 
  European concert on navigation laws.
Nelson, William, Jr., letter from, 243; 
  letter to, 631
Nicholas, George, letters from, to James 
  Madison, 439 (note), 466, 476, 477, 479, 
  480, 482 (note)


O

O'Fallon, James, opinion on case of, by 
  Attorney General, 273


P

Paradise, Lucy Ludwell, letter from, 354
Paris Commune, letter from President of, to 
  President and members of Congress, 107
Peachy, William, letter to, 246
Penrhyn, Lord, letter to, from Samuel Green, 
  203 (note)
Petit, Adrien, letter to, 76
Pickering, Timothy, affidavit concerning, 361
Pinckney, Charles, letter from, to Juan 
  Nepomuceno de Quesada, 433; letter from, to 
  Washington, 434 (note), 436 (note); letter to, 
  from Washington, 434 (note)
Pinto de Souza, Luis, letter to, 320
Pitt, William, extracts of speech on British 
  commerce by, 133
Playfair, William, letters from, 592
Pope, Charles, letter from, and ten other 
  officers, to President, 394 (note)
Portugal, appeal to, for European concert on 
  navigation laws, 558-75. See also, Search for 
  a European concert on navigation laws.
Potts, Richard, letter from, 427
Powell & Fierer, letter to, 246


Q

Quesada, Juan Nepomuceno de, letter to, 518; 
  letter to, from Charles Pinckney, 433


R

Randall, Thomas, letter to, from Henry Knox, 
  449 (note)
Randolph, Edmund, letter to, 424; letter to, 
  from William Seton, 355 (note)
Randolph, Martha Jefferson, letter from, 598; 
  letters to, 239, 264, 358, 604
Randolph, Thomas Mann, Jr., letters from, 239, 
  259, 323, 420, 555; letters to, 328, 582; 
  letter to, from Thomas Thompson, [420] (note)
Rausan, Madame de, letter from, 119
Remsen, Henry, letter from, to Sargent, Chambers 
  & Company, 611 (note)
Remsen, Henry, Jr., note from, to Childs & 
  Swaine, 380 (note)
Residence Act, Madison's advice on executing, 58
Rittenhouse, David, letters to, 323, 584, 596
Rutledge, John, Jr., letter to, 297


S

St. Barbe, John, letter from, to Charles Francis 
  Greville, 203 (note); letter to, from Greville, 
  203 (note)
St. Clair, Arthur, letter from, 585; letter from, 
  to Hamilton, 464 (note)
St. Marie, Joseph, memorial of, 524
Sargent, Chambers & Company, letter to, from 
  Henry Remsen, 611 (note)
Seagrove, James, letter to, from President, 520
Search for a European concert on navigation laws, 
  Editorial Note, 558-70; documents concerning, 
  570-75; Secretary of State to William Short, 
  570; Secretary of State to David Humphreys, 
  572; Secretary of State to William Carmichael, 
  574
Sea water, experiments in desalination of, 
  Editorial Note, 608-14; documents concerning, 
  614-24. See also, Desalination of sea water, 
  experiments in.
Sedgwick, Theodore, letters from, [378] (note)
Senter, Isaac, letter from, 619; letters to, 
  618, 621
Seton, William, letter from, to Edmund Randolph, 
  355 (note)
Sewall, Samuel and Jonathan Glover, memorial of, 
  to General Court, 153
Shaw & Randall, letters to, from Henry Knox, 
  449 (note)
Sheffield, Lord, Observations on the commerce of 
  the American States, TJ's notes on, 127
Sherburne, John Samuel, letter to, 632
Short, William, dispatches from, 117, 257, 289, 
  323, 335, 361, 532, 633; dispatch to, 529; 
  extracts of letter by, on commerce of France
  and U. S., 238 (note); letters from, 291, 537, 
  638; letter from, to Hamilton, 458 (note); 
  letters to, 424, 527, 570, 578; letter to, from
  James McHenry, 254 (note)
Skipwith, Fulwar, letters from, 268, 297
Smith, Daniel, letter from, 354
Smith, James, A Treatise on the Mode and Manner 
  of Indian War ... by, 441 (note)
Smith, The Rev. William, letter to, 112
Spain, appeal to, for European concert on 
  navigation laws, 558-75; confrontation on 
  Mississippi question with, 429-530. See also, 
  Search for a European concert on navigation 
  laws; Disunion in the West.
Stadnitski, Pieter, letters to, from Theophile 
  Cazenove, 453 (note), 455 (note)
Stephen, Adam, letters from, to James Madison, 
  13, 436 (note)
Stoddert, Benjamin, letters to, from Washington, 
  33, 285, 358
Stokes, Charles, letter from, to Lord Grenville, 
  203 (note); letter from, to Lord Hawkesbury, 
  202 (note)
Stuart, Archibald, letter to, from James Monroe, 
  467 (note)
Stuart, David, letter from, to Washington, 
  438 (note)
Supervisors of the excise, transmittal of 
  commissions to, 363, 364 (note)
Swan, James, letter from, 575


T

Tatham, William, letter to, with enclosure of 
  manuscript map, 265, 265 (note); proposal for 
  map of Southern part of U. S. by, 265 (note)
Telfair, Edward, letter to, 519
Telles, John, letter from, to Robert Morris, 312, 
  312 (note)
Thompson, Thomas, letter from, to Thomas Mann 
  Randolph, Jr., [420] (note)
Tilton, James, letter from, to President, 
  394 (note)
Tobacco, notes on, by Gouverneur Morris, 347, 575
Trade, American, exports from eight Northern 
  states before 1776, 139; imports and exports, 
  estimates of, 135-36; notes on, with Ireland,
  134. See also, Commerce, American, memoranda 
  and statistics on.
Trumbull, John, letter to, 298, 298 (note); letter 
  to, from John Adams, 104


U

United States:
  Attorney General: opinion by, on case of 
    James O'Fallon, 273
  Congress: letter to, from President, on 
    establishing Federal District, 64; letter 
    to members of Commune of Paris, 107; letter 
    to "The President of Congress," from 
    President of National Assembly, 109; draft 
    of representation on the fisheries from the 
    General Court, 151; representation from the 
    Legislature of Massachusetts, 151 (note), 
    152; message to, on the fisheries, from 
    President, 159; memorial to, from Ebenezer 
    Hazard, 288 (note); petition to, from
    Nathaniel Chipman and Lewis R. Morris, 372; 
    letter to, from President, 373 (note)
  House of Representatives: letter to Speaker of, 
    enclosing report on fisheries, 206
  President: letters from, 61, 62, 68, 423, 435 
    (note), 522, 529; letters from, to Congress, 
    64, 373 (note); proclamations on establishing 
    the Federal District, 65, 72; letters to, 106, 
    529; letter to, from President of Commune of 
    Paris, 107; letter to, from Louis XVI, 108; 
    letter from, to President of National Assembly, 
    110; message from, to Congress, on the fisheries, 
    159; letter from, to Senate, on appointment 
    of David Humphreys, 292; letter to, from
    Thomas Dawes, Jr., 315 (note); letter to, 
    from George Cabot, 318 (note); petition to, 
    from Nathaniel Chipman and Lewis R. Morris, 
    372; letter to, from Chipman, 375 (note); 
    report on power of, in nominating officers 
    for Vermont, 376; draft of message from, to 
    Senate, 380; letters to, from Joseph Anderson, 
    385, 387 (note), 402, 405, 406; letters to, 
    from Peter Jaquett, 394 (note), 395; letter to, 
    from Charles Pope and ten other officers, 394 
    (note); letter to, from James Tilton, 394 
    (note); letter from, to David Humphreys, 419 
    (note); letter to, from David Humphreys, 419
    (note); letter from, to Louis XVI, 425 (note); 
    letter from, to Charles Pinckney, 434 (note); 
    letter to, from Charles Pinckney, 434 (note), 
    436 (note); "Quaeries" on Spain, 501 (note); 
    letter from, to James Seagrove, 520
  Secretary of State: letters to, from President, 
    61, 62, 68, 522, 529; letters to, from Daniel 
    Carroll, 62, 67; letter from, to Daniel Carroll, 
    63; letter from, to Commissioners of Federal 
    District, 67; letter from, to Andrew Ellicott, 
    68; letter to, from Andrew Ellicott, 70; letters 
    from, to President, 106, 529; letters to, from 
    Tobias Lear, 108, 403, 408; letter to the Rev. 
    William Smith, 112; letter to John Vaughan, 114; 
    letter to President of National Assembly, 114; 
    notes on Sheffield's Observations on the Commerce
    of the American States, 127; notes on Coxe's 
    Commercial System for the United States, 132; 
    letter to, from John Hancock, 172; letter to, 
    from Tench Coxe, 195; notes and outline for 
    report on fisheries, 204; letter from, to Speaker 
    of House of Representatives, 206; report on 
    American fisheries, 206; letter from, to John Han-
    cock, 237; transmittal by, to President of Senate, 
    of Short's extract on commerce of France and U.S., 
    238; opinion by, on constitutionality of bill for 
    establishing Bank of the United States, 275; 
    appeal to, by Committee of creditors, 310, 311 
    (note); draft memorandum by, on consular vacancies, 
    313; report by, on case of Thomas Auldjo, 316; 
    letter from, to James Yard, enclosing commission, 
    316 (note); report by, on consular vacancies, 316;
    letter from, to Thomas Auldjo, 319; letter from, 
    to James Yard, 319; letter of credence by, for 
    David Humphreys, 321 (note); report by, on petition 
    of Hessian deserter, 326; affidavit by, concerning 
    Timothy Pickering, Samuel Hodgdon, Levi 
    Hollingsworth, 361; transmittal by, of commissions 
    as supervisors of the excise, 363, 364 (note); report 
    by, on power of President in nominating officers for 
    Vermont, 376; letter to, from Jeremiah Wadsworth, 377; 
    report by, on candidates for office in Vermont, 378; 
    letter from, to Governor of Vermont, 379; letter from, 
    to president of Kentucky Convention, 380; draft by, of 
    message from President to Senate, 380; opinion by, on 
    judicial appointment of Joseph Anderson, 408; documents 
    on threat of disunion in the West, 518-30; letter from, 
    to Quesada, 518; letter from, to Edward Telfair, 519; 
    letter from, to Harry Innes, 521; letters from, to 
    William Carmichael, 522, 574; appeal to France, 
    Spain, and Portugal for European concert 
    on navigation laws, 558-75; letters from, to
    Short, 527, 529, 570; letter from, to David 
    Humphreys, 572; estimate of expenses on the 
    foreign fund, 1790-1791, 583; letters to, 
    from Caspar Wistar, Jr., 614, 616; letter 
    from, to Wistar, 615; letters from, to James 
    Hutchinson, 614, 616; affidavit by, on result
    of experiments in desalination of sea water, 
    617; letters from, to Isaac Senter, 618, 621; 
    letter to, from Senter, 619; letters to, from
    Jacob Isaacks, 622, 623; letter from, to 
    Isaacks, 623
  Secretary of Treasury: letters to, 536, 642
  Senate: letter to President of, enclosing extract 
    from Short on commerce of France and U.S., 238; 
    letter to, from President, on appointment of 
    David Humphreys, 292; draft of message to, 
    from President, 380


V

Vail, Aaron, letters from, 351, 352 (note)
Vaughan, John, letter to, 114
Vermont, admission to Union of, Editorial Note, 
  364-76; documents concerning, 376-81. See also, 
  Admission of Kentucky and Vermont to Union.
Vernon, William, letter to, 247
Vining, John, letter from, 354; letter from, to 
  Joseph Anderson, 404


W

Wadsworth, Jeremiah, letter from, 377
Washington, George, letter from, to Thomas Beall, 
  69 (note); letters from, to William Deakins, Jr. 
  and Benjamin Stoddert, 33, 285, 358; letter 
  from, to Alexander Hamilton, 38 (note); letter 
  from, to John Jay, 499; letter to, 625; letter 
  to, from Matthew Clarkson, 458 (note); letter 
  to, from John Cooke, 626; letter to, from Robert
  Coram, 409 (note); letter to, from Harry Innes, 
  437 (note); letter to, from Henry Knox, 447 
  (note); letters to, from James Madison, 7, 15; 
  letter to, from David Stuart, 438 (note); letter 
  to, from Otho H. Williams, 24. See also, United 
  States: President.
Watt, Alexander, letter from, 331
Webster, Noah, Jr., letter from, 120
Weights and measures, new standard for, by John 
  Cooke, 627 (note)
West, threat of disunion in, Editorial Note, 
  429-518; documents concerning, 518-30. See also, 
  Disunion in the West.
Westphal, Nicholas Ferdinand, TJ's report on 
  petition of, 326
Whale fishery of Nantucket, account of, 173 (note)
Williams, Otho H., letter from, to Washington, 24
Willink, Van Staphorst & Hubbard, letter to, 586
Wistar, Caspar, Jr., letters from, 614, 616; 
  letter to, 615
Wythe, George, letter to, 556


Y

Yard, James, letter to, 319; letter to, enclosing 
  commission, 316 (note)


ILLUSTRATIONS
Following page 348


JEFFERSON'S DESCRIPTION OF THE NATURAL BRIDGE

  Jefferson may have set down this diagram and account of the Natural
Bridge when he was in the vicinity in the summer of 1767, but it was
not until 1774 that he purchased the tract embracing what he regarded
as "the most sublime of Nature's works" (Notes, ed. Peden, p. 24).
He was probably inspired to do so by the account written by William
Carmichael and published in newspapers a few months before he ac-
quired the site. The sketch here reproduced is the earliest known at-
tempt at a delineation of the Natural Bridge, but Jefferson tried several
times to induce artists to depict it (see note, TJ to Trumbull, 20 Feb.
1791; TJ's description in Notes, ed. Peden, p. 24-5, is based on the
data presented in the 1767 Account Book from which this reproduction
is made). In 1817 he made the following correction to the manuscript of
his Notes on Virginia: "This description was written after a lapse of
several years from the time of my visit to the bridge, and under an
error of recollection which requires apology. For it is from the bridge
itself that the mountains are visible both ways, and not from the bottom
of the fissure as my impression then was" (MS note dated 16 Aug.
1817, quoted in Notes, ed. Peden, p. 263). Jefferson once thought "of
building a little hermitage at the Natural Bridge," but he never did (TJ
to Carmichael, 26 Dec. 1786). He regarded his ownership of this nat-
ural phenomenon as "in some degree a public trust, and would on no
consideration permit the bridge to be injured, defaced or masked from
the public view" (TJ to Caruthers, 15 May 1815). This was a trust
that he held inviolate even in the face of bankruptcy.


PROPOSED SITES FOR THE FEDERAL DISTRICT ON THE UPPER
POTOMAC

  Sharpsburg. This plat "of Land proposed by the Inhabitants of Wash-
ington County [Maryland] in the Neighbourhood of Sharpsburgh to
Erect the Federal City on" was submitted to Washington late in 1790
as a result of his tour up the Potomac ostensibly to examine various
potential sites for the capital (see p. 22, note 43). But in fact Washing-
ton had already made his decision about the location some time before
he began his up-river tour of inspection (see Editorial Note and group
of documents on the location of the Federal District at 24 Jan. 1791).
One of the arguments against placing the capital on tidewater was that
it might be exposed to naval attack, as indeed was the case in 1814.
But if the site indicated in the Sharpsburg plat had been chosen, lying
at the confluence of the Potomac and Antietam Creek, the bloody en-
gagement that followed the invasion of the Army of Northern Virginia
into Maryland in 1862 would have occurred at the very seat of the
national government.
  Williamsport. This plan of the small village of Williamsport, situated
at the mouth of Conococheague Creek which marked the upper limit of
permissible sites under the Residence Act of 1790, was submitted to
Washington late in 1790 by General Otho H. Williams, who had served
with him during the Revolution (see p. 24, note 47). Both this and the
Sharpsburg plat are in the Washington Papers in the Library of Con-
gress. (Courtesy of the Library of Congress)


WASHINGTON AND JEFFERSON FIX THE BASE POINT FOR THE
FEDERAL DISTRICT

  The President and the Secretary of State, both experienced surveyors,
employed these notes of courses and distances "From the head of the
Canal at the Great Falls, to the tail of the Canal at the little Falls" in
order to fix the point of beginning of the first of the "lines of experi-
ment" on Hunting Creek below Alexandria and for determining its
bearing and extent to the northwest (see Editorial Note to group of
documents on the location of the Federal District, at 24 Jan. 1791).
The document is in Washington's hand, while the calculation of the
distance and course "from the Courthouse in Alexandria" to the lower
end of the canal is in that of Jefferson. (Courtesy of the Library of
Congress)


THE BREACH IN THE GOVERNMENT BECOMES PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE

  Although historians generally regard the conflicting opinions of
Hamilton and Jefferson on the constitutionality of the Bank Bill as
marking the beginning of partisan opposition, the cleavage in the ad-
ministration-which in fact had long since been a political reality-
was not noticed when these two opinions were submitted to Washing-
ton. Unpublished at the time, they could not have become the subject
of public discussion. This was not the case with the Report of the Sec-
retary of State, on the subject of the Cod and Whale Fisheries ...
published by order of the Senate (Philadelphia, John Fenno, 1791).
It was that notable document which first publicly revealed to the nation
and to the rival European powers that such a division in the cabinet
existed and that it was indeed irreconcilable. Jefferson's Report was
published officially in pamphlet form by Childs & Swaine, surprisingly
at the direction of the Senate. What is even more surprising is that
Hamilton's ardent supporter, John Fenno, not only published it in the
Gazette of the United States but also brought it out in pamphlet form
(the title-page of the latter is here reproduced from Washington's copy
in the Boston Athenaeum). This was possibly because Jefferson's defense
of the fisheries momentarily obscured for the Senators and for Fenno, as
indeed it has subsequently for historians, the real thrust of his argu-
ment. This, employing the depressed state of the fisheries as a political
instrument, called unequivocally for a navigation act aimed at retaliation
against Great Britain's "exparte regulations ... for mounting their
navigation on the ruins of ours" and for establishing "friendly relations
towards those nations whose arrangements" were friendly to the United
States. Such an argument, couched in unusually blunt language, caused
a public sensation on both sides of the Atlantic. There can be little doubt
that Jefferson, having failed completely in his appeal to Hamilton to
reach an accommodation on the matter of the French protest on the
tonnage acts, approved if he did not inspire the fairly extensive reprint-
ing of his Report. The attempt by this means to stimulate an informed
public discussion of so important an issue as the navigation bill, which
he intended to propose at the opening of the Second Congress, was quite
characteristic. So, too, was the realistic political strategy by which he, a
southern planter, appeared as the champion of an important northern
interest. (Courtesy of the Boston Athenaeum)


PROCLAMATION AGAINST JAMES O'FALLON

  James O'Fallon (1749-1794?), native of Ireland, student of medi-
cine at the University of Edinburgh, and agent of the South Carolina
Yazoo Company in Kentucky, was an adventurer and intriguer who first
courted Spanish favor and then, discredited by James Wilkinson, offered
to act as an intelligence agent for the United States. During the winter
of 1790 O'Fallon was able to enlist in support of his enterprise the
name of that redoubtable figure in western annals, George Rogers Clark,
to whom he gave the command of his battalion and whose sister he soon
married. But even the knowledge of this fact could not have brought
anxiety to the administration, for both Washington and Jefferson were
aware that Clark, now an inebriate, had lost the capacity for brilliant
leadership he had once possessed (TJ to Innes, 7 Mch. 1791). Although
it was known that O'Fallon was "levying an armed force" and suspected
that his aim was an offensive mission against territory claimed by Spain,
the confidence of the President and Secretary of State that such an ad-
venturer would not be supported by westerners is evidenced by the fact
that no action was taken save the issuance of this proclamation and the
instruction that prosecutions against O'Fallon not be for treason unless
clearly warranted by the testimony (original in DNA: RG 11; en-
dorsed: "Proclamation of the President ... requiring an observance of
his Proclamations of August 14th. & 26th. 1790. Issued the 19th
March 1791"). Having collaborated in drafting the opinion of the At-
torney General on which this action was based, Jefferson also presum-
ably prepared the text of this proclamation (see Opinion of the Attorney
General, 14 Feb. 1791). Although the government had known about
O'Fallon's plans at least as early as January, the proclamation was not
issued until two weeks after Congress adjourned, another evidence of
the absence of any real concern. Also, only fifty copies of the proclama-
tion were issued in broadside form, though it was reprinted in news-
papers (Vol. 17: 365). (Courtesy of the National Archives)


REPRESENTATIVE JOHN BROWN OF KENTUCKY

  While the romantic intrigues of James O'Fallon received at the very
outset a well-merited rejection even by such accomplished practitioners
of deceit as James Wilkinson, the support given by Kentuckians over a
long period of years to John Brown (1757-1837) reflected the confi-
dence of the majority of the electorate in his probity, ability, and char-
acter. Well connected with the Prestons, Clays, Breckinridges, and other
leading Kentucky families, Brown deserves to be known as the principal
architect of his state's admission to the union. Despite the obloquy cast
upon him by partisan opponents at the time and too readily accepted by
historians since, he was one of the most formidable obstacles to western
separatism. Brown was a confidant and respected friend of Jefferson,
Madison, Monroe, and other leading southerners. As a student at the
College of New-Jersey in 1776, he had joined Washington's retreating
army, but Washington remained aloof toward his fellow Virginian, per-
haps because, like others who represented the Kentucky District in the
Virginia ratifying convention of 1788, he had voted against the Consti-
tution. It has been mistakenly supposed that Brown studied law under
Jefferson. He was in fact trained by Jefferson's own preceptor, George
Wythe (see Editorial Note, group of documents on the threat of western
disunion, at 10 March 1791).
  The miniature here reproduced was executed by John Trumbull in
1792, the year that Brown became United States Senator from the new
state of Kentucky. (Courtesy of Yale University Art Gallery)


INTERACTION OF POLITICS AND LEARNING AT THE DEATH
OF FRANKLIN

  Joseph Sansom's Silhouette of Franklin, 1789. "Though Houdon's is
as near as we are likely to get, there is still no one, standard Franklin
face," wrote that preeminent authority on Franklinian iconography,
Charles Coleman Sellers, "and I should like to think that not only the
multiplicity of interpretations by the enduring, sensible, ever-various
humanity of the man himself created this situation. It is as impossible
to sum him up in a single portrait as in an epigram. He cannot be ap-
proached with reverence: as some images of the saints of old are said
to have responded to their worshipers' adoration with physical move-
ment, so would Franklin's big body have begun to shake with amuse-
ment at what was going on. Franklin is not to be worshiped but to be
understood, and the portraits are true to him in the measure of their
honesty and candor" (Sellers, Benjamin Franklin in portraiture, New
Haven, 1962, p. 179).
  This painted silhouette by Joseph Sansom, executed from life in the
last few months of Franklin's life, quite obviously qualifies both for
truth and candor. Sansom was twenty-two when he drew the profile
of the aged philosopher-statesman, whose appearance in 1789 no doubt
was much as Manasseh Cutler had described it a short while before on
being introduced to Franklin, surrounded by friends in the garden at
Franklin Court: "... a short, fat, trunched old man, in a plain Quaker
dress, bald pate, and short white locks, sitting without his hat under
the [mulberry] tree . . . [who] rose from his chair, took me by the
hand, welcomed me to the city, and begged me to seat myself close to
him. His voice was low, but his countenance open, frank, and pleasing.
He instantly reminded me of old Captain Cummings, for he is nearly of
his pitch, and no more of the air of superiority about him" (Sellers,
same, p. 182, citing Cutler, Cutler, I, 267-8; see also, Sellers, "Joseph
Sansom, Philadelphia Silhouettist," PMHB, LXXXVIII [1964], 395-438).
Sansom's sensitive profile was the last likeness of Franklin to be done
from life. Within a few months after it was executed, Franklin's death
produced panegyrics with political overtones on both sides of the At-
lantic, the excesses of which he no doubt would have viewed with the
same bemused detachment with which he regarded most human en-
deavors (see Editorial Note and group of documents, at 26 Jan. 1791).
(Courtesy of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania)

  State-House Square, 1790. This view of the buildings on what is now
Independence Square was published in The Columbian Magazine for
January 1790. On this historic spot there originated in 1791 the eulo-
gies and consequent political repercussions evoked by the death of
Franklin, involving the Congress of the United States, the legislature
of Pennsylvania, and the oldest of American learned societies that had
been founded by Franklin. The building on the left, no longer standing,
was that of the Episcopal Academy, not quite finished when this en-
graving was published. The next, newly remodelled in 1790, was the
building in which the Senate and House of Representatives assembled
for the final session of the First Congress after the removal of the seat
of government from New York. The State-House in the center (Inde-
pendence Hall) housed the Pennsylvania legislature at this time. To the
right of the State-House, the Hall of The American Philosophical So-
ciety, just completed and first used for a regular meeting of the officers
and members in November 1789, remains the only structure on the
Square still used for its original purpose. To the right are shown the
Library Company of Philadelphia, a subscription library which Frank-
lin founded in 1731, and Carpenter's Hall, where the first Continental
Congress met in 1774. Officials of the federal and state governments,
as well as officers and members of The American Philosophical Society,
participated in one way or another in the events originating within this
city block in 1791 that gave political connotations to the Society's me-
morial tribute to its great founder. Jefferson's role in these proceedings
was undoubtedly more active than the records indicate (see Editorial
Note and documents, at 26 Jan. 1791). (Courtesy of The Boston
Athenaeum )


THE SECRETARY OF STATE COMMENDS THE FIRST PUBLICATION
OF AMERICAN STATE PAPERS

  Jefferson's commendation of Ebenezer Hazard's proposed publication
of historical manuscripts and public records was far from perfunctory.
From early youth Jefferson himself had been an avid collector of books
and manuscripts pertaining to the history of America, and as a young
lawyer on the circuits he had transcribed and collected manuscript laws
of his native state that might otherwise have perished. Even before the
Revolution he had given encouragement and assistance to Hazard (see
Hazard to TJ, 23 Aug. 1774; TJ to Hazard, 30 Apr. 1775; Samuel
Huntington to TJ, 27 Apr. 1781). It is therefore understandable that
his testimonial in support of Hazard's undertaking, written in the knowl-
edge that it would be published, should have emphasized the importance
to the public of collecting, preserving, and publishing historical docu-
ments. As he so often did, Jefferson caused what in other hands might
have been a routine acknowledgment to assume timeless verity because
of its assertion of fundamental truths.
  A copy of Hazard's Proposals in the Library of Congress shows the
broadside as it was printed, without any appended sheet for subscribers'
names. The remarkably interesting copy here reproduced is a scroll to
which Hazard added one blank sheet and part of another to receive the
names of subscribers, with only that of the President being placed on the
broadside itself. It is important to note that, while the original scroll
is intact, measuring 94 by 33.5 cm., the reproduction is here presented
in two parts, being separated at the point where the sheet containing
subscribers' names is attached to the bottom of the broadside. (Courtesy
of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania)
			

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