Table of contents for The price of oil : corporate responsibility and human rights violations in Nigeria's oil producing communities.

1. SUMMARY									1

	The Role and Responsibilities of the International Oil Companies	2
	The Oil Industry and the Oil Producing Communities			6
	Protest and Repression in the Oil Producing Communities			9
	The Role of Shell in the Ogoni Crisis					12
	Attempts to Import Weapons						14
	Threats to Community Members						14
	Oil Company Failure to Monitor or Protest Abuses			15
	Shell's Internal Review Since 1995					17
	Conclusion								17

II. RECOMMENDATIONS								19

	To the Nigerian Government						19
	To the International Oil Companies Operating in Nigeria			21
	To the International Community						24

III. OIL AND NATURAL GAS IN NIGERIA						25

	Crude Oil								25
	The Structure of Oil Company Agreements
	with the Nigerian Govennnent						26
	Natural Gas								32
	The Downstream Sector							34

IV. OIL WEALTH AND THE NIGERIAN CONSTITUTION					39

	State Creation and Revenue Allocation					39

V. THE ENVIRONMENT								53

	The Framework of Nigerian Law on Oil and the Environment		54
	The Impact of Oil Operations on the Environment				56
		Oil Spills and Hydrocarbon Pollution				59
		Infrastructure Development					68
		Gas Flaring							72
	Compensation for Land Expropriation					75
	Compensation for Oil Spills						79
	Sabotage								82
	The Niger Delta Environmental Survey					87

VI. OIL COMPANIES AND THE OIL PRODUCING COMMUNITIES				91

	Minorities in the Oil Producing Regions					91
	Social and Economic Conditions in the
	Oil Producing Communities Today						95
	Oil Company Relations with the Oil Producing Communities		97
	Employment								101
	Development Projects							102
	The Effect of the Oil Economy on Community Politics			107
	The Warri Crisis							111

VII. SECURITY									115

	Security Arrangements for Oil Facilities				115
	Special Task Forces							120

VIII. PROTEST AND REPRESSION IN THE NIGER DELTA					123

	Umuechem								123
	The Ogoni Crisis							124
	Attempts to Duplicate the MOSOP Protests				129
	Targeting of Community Leaders and Environmental Whistle-blowers	131
	Day-to-day Protest and Repression in the Oil Producing Communities	134
	Suppression of Demands for Compensation:
		Damages, Development Projects, and Employment			139
	Other Abuses Resulting from Oil Company Security			154
	Litigation								155

IX. THE ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL OIL
    COMPANIES									159

	Corporate Responsibility in Nigeria					160
	The Role of Shell in the Ogoni Crisis					168
	Attempts to Import Weapons						174
	Threats to Communities							175
	Oil Company Calls for Security Force Assistance				177
	Oil Company Failure to Monitor and Protest Abuses			179
	Shell's Internal Review Since 1995					181

X. INTERNATIONAL LAW								185

XI. THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY					188

	The Commonwealth							188
	The United Nations and International Labour Organization		189
	The African Commission							191
	The European Union and its Member States				192
	The United States							194
	Codes of Conduct for Business						195

XII. CONCLUSION									199