Newman, Peter, Dr.
Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Chapter 1 The Concept of Sustainability and Its Relationship to Cities
The Concept of Sustainabitity 1
Global Government Responses to Sustainability 5
Application of Sustainability Principles to Cities 6
City Size and Sustainability 14
Indicators of Sustainability in Cities 18
Sustainability Plans 20
Conclusions 23
Chapter 2 The Problem of Automobile Dependence at the End of the
Twentieth Century 27
What Shapes Cities? 27
Constraints on Automobile-dependent Cities 40
New Economic Awareness of the Auto City 52
The End of Auto Cities? 59
The Global Auto City Protest Movement 60
Institutionalized Automobile Dependence 62
Conclusions 64
Chapter 3 The Pattern of Automobile Dependence and Global Cities 68
Introduction 68
Transportation Energy Patterns 69
Fuel Types 72
Technology-Vehicte Efficiency 74
Price and Income 78
Infrastructure Priorities 81
Urban Form 94
Transportation and Land Use Trends 104
Car Use and Wealth I I I
Conclusions 125
Chapter 4 A Vision of Reduced Automobile Dependence 128
Introduction 128
Dispelling the Myths About Automobile Dependence 128
Approaches to Reducing Automobile Dependence 141
Techniques for Overcoming Automobile Dependence 144
The Future "Sustainable" City 184
Case Studies in Overcoming Automobile Dependence 191
Conclusions 237
Chapter 5 Creening the Automobile-dependent City 240
Introduction 240
Sustainability and the Urban Water System 241
Greening the City with Parks and Agriculture 250
Is the Green City in Conflict with the Low-energy City? 257
Urban Ecology Innovation 264
Conclusions 281
Chapter 6 Promoting Sustainable Urban Change 285
Urban Change 285
Modernist Professional Praxis 286
Postmodernism 288
Postmodernism and Cities 288
The Organic City Movement 289
Greening the Industrial Revolution City 290
The Organic City Family Tree 291
The Sustainable City Movement Today 291
Professional Praxis at a Time of Paradigm Change 292
New Principles for Professional Praxis 293
Conclusions 304
Chapter 7 Ethics, Spirituality, and Community in the Sustainable City 306
Introduction 306
Ethical Foundations for City Sustainability 306
City Planning and City Prophecy in the Late Twentieth
Century 315
The Role of Community Groups in City Sustainability 320
Conclusions 330
Chapter 8 Summary and Conclusions 333
Appendix 1: Data and Methodology for the Thirty-seven-city Study for the
World Bank 343
Appendix 2: Growth Management Approaches and Guidelines 360
Appendix 3: A Checklist for City Sustainablity Using Economic Efficiency,
Social Equity, Environmental Responsibility, and Human
Livability Criteria 367
Appendix 4: AnEconomicImpactStatementforUrbanDevelopment 374
Appendix 5: Guidelines for New Urbanism Developments (The Ahwahnee
Principles) 385
Appendix 6: A Guide to the Provision of Better Transit and Land Use
Integration in Auto Cities 388
References 399
Index 423